The viscosity of slag and the thermal conductivity of ash deposits are among two of the most important constitutive parameters that need to be studied. The accurate formulation or representations of the (transport) properties of coal present a special challenge of modeling efforts in computational fluid dynamics applications. Studies have indicated that slag viscosity must be within a certain r...

Peat normally has high organic matter content and is generally associated with high compressibility and high magnitude and rates of creep. It may also be associated with poor strength characteristics and a risk of large deformation. The main specifications in the peat nature are the presence of acidic or less commonly alkaline media, combined with a high level of ground water. One of the most c...

In this paper we will investigate torus actions on complete manifolds with calibrations. For Calabi-Yau manifolds M with a Hamiltonian structure-preserving k-torus action we show that any symplectic reduction has a natural holomorphic volume form. Moreover Special Lagrangian (SLag) submanifolds of the reduction lift to SLag submanifolds of M , invariant under the torus action. If k = n− 1 and H...

Oxygen lances are key equipment for copper converters. The effect of the lance arrangement on mixing a gas–slag two–phase is discussed using numerical simulation and experimental verification with water model, stirring characteristics enhanced by variable–velocity blowing explored. results showed that single–row (SA) increased average velocity in slag phase 17.93% reduced disturbance to metal 2...

This work presents a novel way to examine the characteristics of fly ash, copper slag (CPS) along with addition Ultrafine Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (UFGGBFS) based Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) for various molarities (10M, 12M and 14M). In GPC, ash was replaced UFGGBFS (5 %, 10 % 15 %) used as fine aggregate. Mechanical Characterization such split tensile, flexural strength, workability ...

Abstract The distributions of arsenic, lead, tin and zinc between iron silicate slag copper in equilibrium with tridymite the Cu–Fe–O–Si system have been experimentally determined at selected oxygen partial pressures ( P (O 2 )) temperatures 1 523 K 573 K. experimental technique involved high temperature equilibration a sealed silica ampoule to minimize vaporization minor elements, rapid quench...

In recent years, there have been many attempts to reuse molten slag. Molten slag is obtained through further treatment of incinerated ash produced in the disposal process of garbage or sewage sludge and is used in building materials, such as brick. To establish the safety of such slag, its physical properties and metal contents were investigated in this study. After examining the physical and c...

In the conventional continuous casting of steel, either mold powder or oil can be added to lubricate the mold from sticking to the solidifying steel shell. The mold powder melts to form a molten slag or flux layer, and also acts to protect the molten steel from oxidation, to insulate the molten steel from heat loss, to absorb inclusions from the molten steel, to regulate heat transfer to mold w...

It is essential to lubricate the shell since inadequate lubrication leads to defects in the steel product (e.g. longitudinal cracks, sticker breakouts and star cracks). The liquid layer of the slag film, formed between the shell and the mould, lubricates the newly formed shell; the lubrication increases with increasing liquid slag thickness (dl). Lubrication is usually represented by the powder...