Vanadate inhibits protein chain initiation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The evidence that supports this conclusion is as follows: (i) the biphasic kinetics of inhibition in which protein synthesis is maintained at the control rate for 1-2 min is followed by an abrupt decline in the rate of synthesis; (ii) inhibition is associated with a marked disaggregation of polyribosomes and a concomitan...

Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) catalyzes transfer of the 5'-sulfuryl group of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the 3alpha-phenol group of estrogenic steroids such as estradiol (E2). The recent crystal structure of EST-adenosine 3', 5'-diphosphate (PAP)- E2 complex has revealed that residues Lys48, Thr45, Thr51, Thr52, Lys106, His108, and Try240 are in position to play a catal...

We have examined vanadate inhibition of the Na,K pump in the presence of external Na (Nao). Nao protects against inhibition of the Na,K pump by vanadate, but not against inhibition by phosphate or arsenate. Protection by Nao is reversed by external K (Ko). Although the site at which Na exerts its protective effect has properties similar to the two transport sites for K at the outside of the pum...

A new highly efficient, visible light active, silver vanadate/polymeric carbonitride “core/shell” photocatalyst was prepared mechano-chemically by grinding mixtures of β-silver vanadate and mesoporous graphitic carbonitride. Besides the core/shell photocatalyst, vanadate/mesoporous polymeric composites supported mpg-C3N4@β-silver vanadates were prepared. The materials characterized transmission...

Insulin resistance is a common phenomenon in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Common factor important for development of diabetes and insulin resistance is intake of saturated fat. Vanadate treatment improves glucose homeostasis in vivo. The aim of this study was to find out changing of hepatic glucose output in dependence of saturated fat diet and possible direct action of vanadate in cultured hep...

This paper reviews recent studies of highly conductive barium iron vanadate glass with a composition of 20 BaO ∙ 10 Fe2O3 ∙ 70 V2O5 (in mol %). Isothermal annealing of the vanadate glass for several ten minutes at a given temperature, higher than glass transition temperature or crystallization temperature, caused an increase in σ. Substitution of CuI (3d10), ZnII (3d10) and CuII (3d9) for FeIII...

There is a well-established association between exposure to air pollutants and pulmonary injuries. For example, metals found in ROFA (residual oil fly ash) increase susceptibility of mice as well as humans to microbial infections. In our research, we have found that vanadate substantially increased the response of several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to stimulation with their ligands. Although va...

We have studied the effects of oral administration of vanadate, an insulinometic agent and a potent inhibitor of phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (PTPase) in vitro, on blood glucose and PTPase action, in two hyperinsulinemic rodent models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Oral administration of vanadate (0.25 mg/ml in the drinking water) to ob/ob mice for 3 wk lowered blood ...

The structure of the vanadate-trapped ADP complex of a truncated head of Dictyostelium myosin II consisting of residues Asp 2-Asn 762 has been determined by molecular replacement at 1.9 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 19.4%. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group C2221 where a = 84.50 A, b = 145.4 A, and c = 152.8 A. The conformation of the protein is sim...

June M. Messmore Under the supervision of Professor Ronald T. Raines at the University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Structural analyses had suggested that the active-site lysine residue of RNase A (Lys41) may interact preferentially with the transition state for covalent bond cleavage, thus facilitating catalysis. Site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification were combined (1) to probe the role...