in this article using comparative multi-purpose algorithm of pso, optimum capacity of new resources and their spinning storage is defined. spinning reserve requirements and optimized to maximize profit per unit is determined according to uncertainty. in fact by increasing the level of cost reservation, power supply increases but penalty of blackout decreases. in this paper in has been tried to ...

ultra-endurance mountain running has become extremely popular in recent years, and the energy cost is one of the factors that influence the final performance. the aim of this study was to determine if the energy cost of uphill running (uphill cr) can be calculated from level cr (energy cost of running in mlo2.kg-1.mn-1) in a heterogeneous group of mountain ultra-endurance runners using the di p...

Health-treatment decisions, in much of the world, are affected by the family's ability to meet the cost. In West Africa the situation is more complex because husbands and wives typically have separate budgets. This article reports an exploration of the impact on treatment of divided family budgets in Nigeria where health services now charge for prescribed drugs. It was found that most child ...

Background:                             The use of new technologies in the field of drug discovery and development plays an important role in introducing new and effective drugs, optimizing the properties of existing drugs and, in general the development of various drug-dependent industries, as well as the general health of human, animal and plant communities. These methods provide new drugs at...

This analysis of several previous studies of the cost of AIDS suggests that the lifetime cost of medical care per patient will not exceed +80,000, an amount similar to the cost of treating other serious illnesses. If current projections of future AIDS cases are accurate, the cumulative lifetime costs of 270,000 cases diagnosed between 1981 and the end of 1991 will not exceed +22 billion. This a...