Costs and benefits of directed forgetting are observed when a between-list instruction to forget List 1 impairs List 1 recall while enhancing List 2 recall. These effects are often ascribed to intentional inhibition of List 1. Contrary to this inhibition account, we found that a forget instruction did not produce costs unless an explicit instruction to concentrate on List 2 was used (Experiment...

This study tested a model of marijuana use, problems, and motivation and barriers to change among a sample of 422 undergraduate students ages 18-25 (M=19.68, SD=1.60) who used marijuana at least once in the past 6 months. We tested a structural equation model (SEM) with use motives (i.e., coping, enhancement, and expansion), perceived use utility, and gender as exogenous variables predicting ma...

Economic units can benefit from the cleaner production strategy, which aims to reduce environmental impact of economic activities while improving efficiency and profitability. Accordingly, aim research was clarify knowledge foundations costs indicate their role in reducing poor quality (the failure). A set conclusions has been reached, most important is that achieved a reduction external failur...

AIMS Although readiness to change (RTC) is cited as a key mechanism underlying drinking behavior change, empirical evidence supporting RTC as a predictor of college drinking has been mixed. Considering methodological limitations of previous studies, the current aim was to conduct a more comprehensive test of longitudinal relationships between readiness to change and college drinking. DESIGN I...

the economic burden of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) is far greater than its direct medical costs. this study estimated annual indirect costs of the hiv/aids epidemic in islamic republic of iran in 2006-2007 from societal perspective. a patient cost diary in sets of six booklets covering a total of 6 months (from october 2006 and fallowed until march...

Introduction. The assessment of learning needs is one of the basic stages in education which leads to a change in medical education curriculum. Such assessment can be conducted based on different reasons. Therefore it should be defined, and the methods of application of the findings must be analyzed. One of the known methods of need assessment is the analysis of the differences between the p...

BACKGROUND In responding to the health challenges of climate change, those responsible for health policies and resource allocations need to know the resource consequences of their decisions. This article examines the availability and strength of economic evidence for policy makers to draw on in making health policy decisions. METHODS Relevant literature was obtained using a Medline and INTERN...