Growth of international free trade and inadequate drug regulation have led to the expansion of trade in counterfeit drugs worldwide. Technological protection is seen to be the best way to avoid this problem. Different technologies came into existence like overt, covert, and track and trace technologies. This review emphasises ideal technological characteristics, existing anti-counterfeit techno...

Abtract: Bond pull testing, a well-known method in the failure analysis community, is used to evaluate the integrity of an electronic microchip as well as to detect counterfeit ICs. Existing bond pull tests require that the microchip be de-capsulated in order to obtain physical access to the bond wires in the IC package. Bond pull analysis based on simulation and finite element methods also exi...

Novel copper-based halide composite with triple mode emissions could be used in bank notes to make them harder counterfeit.

BACKGROUND Increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a critical goal endorsed by the United Nations and all of its member states. At the same time, anecdotal accounts suggest that the promotion of unproven AIDS 'cures' and remedies are widespread, and in the case of The Gambia, Iran and South Africa, have been promoted by governments directly. Although a range of legislative and regu...

Over the past five years, there have been over 140 reported incidents of counterfeit and mislabeled drugs being sold by legitimate pharmacies in the United States. Thousands of patients have consumed these medications, sometimes with dire consequences. The extent of counterfeits in the legitimate market, however, is unknown. It is certain that the detected incidents of fakes are a fraction of t...