This study aims to explore the factors affecting the national innovation capacity (NIC) of China. NIC is the capability of a nation to manufacture & commercialize the stream of innovation technology over the “long term”. The NIC of a country depicts not only industrial competitiveness of a country via a direct impact on the global market share of high tech products, but also determines its futu...

In the 1800s, this country chose to establish land-grant colleges to see that the working class could attain higher education, and that the research needs of the agricultural and manufacturing segments of this country could be met. It seems contrary to our origins to see so little support at present for research infrastructure going to the very communities that need such research to sustain the...

biocapacity The potential productivity of the biologically productive space within a specified country, region, or territory. biologically productive space Areas of land and water capable of supporting photosynthesis at sufficient rates to provide economically useful concentrations of biomass. Marginal and unproductive regions, such as deserts, tundra, and the deep oceans, are excluded. The glo...

Production of clostridial vaccines involves growing the organism (clostridial bacteria) in a growth medium to produce large amounts of toxins, and altering the toxins so that they are no longer toxic, toxoids. These toxoids become antigens which the immune system recognises and hence produces antibodies to act against genuine toxins. After cultivation the live bacteria in the culture must be de...

− The molecular imprinting technique is a reliable technique for the preparation of materials of predetermined selectivity. It is highly significant in research of the structure of enzyme, mechanism of receptor-antibody and analytical chemistry. In analytical separation science, molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied in several analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography, cap...