Duloxetine hydrochloride is chemically, N-methyl-3napthalen-1-oxy-3-thiophen-2-yl-1-amine. Duloxetine hydrochloride (Fig. 1) is a new selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for major depressive disorders. It is also indicated for the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Duloxetine hydrochloride is considered among the most import...

Introduction: Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) are a family of lipid mediators that participate in a host of biological functions. Procedures for the quantitative analysis of FAEs include organic solvent extraction from biological matrices (e.g., blood), followed by purification and subsequent quantitation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...

The techniques and measurement methods developed in the Environmental Survey and Monitoring of Chemicals by Japan's Ministry of the Environment, as well as a large amount of knowledge archived in the survey, have led to the advancement of environmental analysis. Recently, technologies such as non-target liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with micro...

A liquid chromatographic method coupled with UVVis and photodiode–array detection for the determination of nitrofuran residues: nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone in water was developed and validated. Confirmation of the identity of nitrofurans was performed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. The nitrofur...

Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic compounds produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus flavus is a phytopathogenic fungus that commonly infects crops such as cotton, peanuts, and maize. The goal of this research was to design an effective method for sample preparation and analysis of aflatoxin B1 from Aspergillus flavus infected maize kernels. The method involves liquid extraction ...

The detection of a mixture of nine explosive compounds, including nitrate esters, nitroaromatics, and a nitramine in less than 140 sec is described. The new method employs a commercially available pulsed-discharge electron capture detector (PDECD) coupled with a microbore capillary gas chromatography (GC) column in a standard GC oven to achieve on-column detection limits between 5 and 72 fg for...

Plants have the ability to continuously respond to microbial signals in their environment. One of these stimuli is a steroid from fungal membranes, ergosterol, which does not occur in plants, but acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecule to trigger defence mechanisms. Here we investigated the effect of ergosterol on the secondary metabolites in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells b...

Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is proposed here for the rapid determination of octanol-water partitioning coefficients (Kow). VALLME uses vortex agitation, a mild emulsification procedure, to disperse microvolumes of octanol in the aqueous phase thus increasing the interfacial contact area and ensuring faster par...