X-ray spectra from cores of galaxy clusters can be strongly distorted by resonant scattering of line photons, affecting metal abundance and gas velocity measurements. We introduce simulated spectral models that take into account the resonant scattering effect, radial variations of thermodynamic properties of the hot gas, projection effects and small-scale isotropic gas motions. The key feature ...

The prediction and prevention of knee joint injury is an important aspect of preventive health science. This paper proposes a new coupled–loading–rate hypothesis, which states that the main cause of knee injury is a Euclidean jolt, or SE(3)−jolt, an impulsive loading that strikes knee in several coupled degrees-of-freedom simultaneously. Informally, it is a rate-of-change of acceleration in 6-d...

Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithms have been used in many areas and are often quite scalable and robust. In this paper we explore the application of Schwarz type domain decomposition preconditioners to some fully coupled systems for fluid-structure interaction. In particular, we are interested in developing a scalable parallel framework for the simulation of blood flow in human arteries [11]. In ...

Prediction and prevention of musculo-skeletal injuries is an important aspect of preventive health science. Using as an example a human knee joint, this paper proposes a new coupled– loading–rate hypothesis, which states that a generic cause of any musculo-skeletal injury is a Euclidean jolt, or SE(3)−jolt, an impulsive loading that hits a joint in several coupled degreesof-freedom simultaneous...

The prediction and prevention of spinal injury is an important aspect of preventive health science. The spine, or vertebral column, represents a chain of 26 movable vertebral bodies, joint together by transversal viscoelastic intervertebral discs and longitudinal elastic tendons. This paper proposes a new locally–coupled loading–rate hypothesis, which states that the main cause of both soft– an...

The most common representation of sea ice dynamics in climate models assumes that sea ice is a quasi-continuous non-normal fluid with a viscousplastic rheology. This rheology leads to non-linear sea ice momentum equations that are notoriously difficult to solve. Recently a Jacobian-free NewtonKrylov (JFNK) solver was shown to solve the equations accurately at moderate costs. This solver is exte...

The paper deals with the multilevel solution of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) in a finite element setting: uniform ellipticity of the PDE then goes with strict monotonicity of the derivative of a nonlinear convex functional. A Newton multigrid method is advocated, wherein linear residuals are evaluated within the multigrid method for the computation of the Newton corrections. T...

The smoothness-constrained least-squares method is widely used for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) inversion of apparent resistivity data sets. The Gauss–Newton method that recalculates the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives for all iterations is commonly used to solve the least-squares equation. The quasi-Newton method has also been used to reduce the computer time. In this...

Context. Spacecrafts with imaging telescopes often carry a charge-coupled device (CCD) in their focal plane to detect electromagnetic radiation. Charged particles such as electrons, protons, and heavy ions can reach the CCD deposit energy detector material. To counteract this undesirable effect, algorithms are usually implemented reject them. On other hand, CCDs also be seen particle detectors....