Optical neural networks (ONNs), implemented on an array of cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), have recently been proposed as a possible replacement for conventional deep learning hardware. They potentially offer higher energy efficiency and computational speed when compared to their electronic counterparts. By utilizing tunable phase shifters, one can adjust the output each MZI enabl...

Nano-photonic antennas are one of the key components in integrated photonic transmitter and receiver systems. Conventionally, grating couplers, designed to couple into an optical fiber, suffering from limitations such as large footprint small field-of-view (FOV) have been used on-chip antennas. The challenge antenna design is more pronounced for systems, where both collected power by its FOV of...

Directional mode coupling in an asymmetric holey fiber coupler is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally for the first time. The holey fiber mode couplers have interesting spectral characteristics and are also found to exhibit increased dimensional tolerances. Following a design based on numerical investigations, a dual-core polymer holey fiber coupler for LP(01) and LP(11) mode multi...

Coupled-mode equations for an asymmetric fibre-to-planar optical coupling system, incorporated a grating structure are presented. A grating-assisted coupling coefficient is described. When the parameters of the coupler are such that there is no phase synchronism between the fibre and the slab modes, the grating enhances the coupling in both the resultant amplitude and phase modulation. However,...