It has been proposed that the responses of the cerebral circulation to hypoxia, hypercapnia and hypotension may be partially mediated by an autonomic reflex with receptors in the carotid body or sinus serving as sensors and the efferent limbs being the 7th cranial nerves. Transection of the 7th cranial nerve has been reported to impair the cerebral circulatory response to isolated chemoreceptor...

Cranial motor and sensory nerves arise stereotypically in the embryonic hindbrain, act as sensitive indicators of general and region-specific neuronal development, and are directly or indirectly affected in many human disorders, particularly craniofacial syndromes. The molecular genetic hierarchies that regulate cranial nerve development are mostly unknown. Here, we describe the first mouse gen...

Möbius' syndrome, also known as Möbius' sequence, is a nonprogressive cranial dysinnervation disorder characterized by congenital facial and abducens nerve paralysis. Here, we report a 5-day-old girl who was conceived after in vitro fertilization with poor suck and facial paralysis. She had bilaterally ptosis and lateral gaze limitation, left-sided deviation of the tongue, dysmorphic face, hypo...

Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) is an uncommon cause of isolated cranial nerve palsies. Commonly patients present with stroke, headache, facial pain and Horner's syndrome, with upto 16% having cranial nerve palsies. We present the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with hoarseness, dysphagia and tongue swelling, mimicking a tongue base tumor. He was found to have uni...

Investigators from Armand-Trousseau hospital and University of Paris studied 90 infants aged birth to 6 months with multiple cranial nerve involvement.

Neurolymphomatosis is a rare manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by infiltration of peripheral nerves, nerve roots, plexus and cranial nerves by malignant lymphocytes. This report presents positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)imaging with 2-deoxy-2-(18)F-fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) in 3 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with nerve infiltration, including one new...

primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis (tb) without pulmonary involvement is rare, even in endemic areas. herein, we present a rare complication of primary nasopharyngeal tb accompanied with tuberculous otomastoiditis (tom) and ipsilateral facial nerve palsy, in a 24-year-old female patient, with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imagery findings.

Trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux, is a syndrome featuring painful paroxysms in one or more distributions of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia is relatively uncommon, with an annual incidence of 4 to 13 cases per 100,000 population. It is more common in women than in men, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.7 : 1. Affected persons typically are between 50 and 69 years of age, and sy...

Schwannoma, or neurilemmoma, is a benign neoplasm that arises from Schwann cells, which surround peripheral, cranial, and autonomic nerve sheaths. Schwannoma has been reported to occur mainly as singular lesion of the sacral sciatic in young adults. Plexiform schwannoma, subtype rare known account for 2% 5% total schwannomas. upper extremities relatively mostly ulnar nerve. We report, with lite...

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is characterized by varicella zoster virus infection affecting the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. It typically presents with vesicles in the external auditory canal associated with auricular pain and peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Although vestibulocochlear nerve is frequently co-involved during the course of Ramsay Hunt syndrome, multiple lower cranial nerve ...