: This article provides an updated review of oral and maxillofacial endoscopic surgical applications in craniomaxillofacial trauma management, orthognathic surgery, sialoendoscopy, open temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrotomy procedures, minimally invasive arthroscopic TMJ surgery. The integration endoscopy into procedures has yielded a seminal impact on achieving comparable or improved patien...

Current knowledge of blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVIs) in craniomaxillofacial fracture (CMF) patients is limited. The purpose this study was to determine the occurrence BCVIs with all types CMF. This retrospective included CMF a level 1 trauma centre during 3-year period. Patients who were not imaged computed tomography angiography and mechanisms other than injury excluded. primary outcome...