We use logit analysis to exploit a self-collected dataset on the payment and delivery options offered by the vast majority of B2C websites in 5 Central Asian transition economies. Specifically, we conduct a supply-side test of the Transaction Context Model, which highlights the role of perceived risk. Our results confirm that higher product risk increases the probability that e-retailers adopt ...

With the convergence of wireless data communication and the Internet, more and more Internet services are now being used in the wireless area. Mobile payment protocols are necessary for online transactions. A good payment protocol should balance the requirements of security and convenience. WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is one of the prevalent wireless technologies being embraced by the b...

Currently, the Internet and the World Wide Web on-line business is booming, with traffic, advertising and content growing at sustained exponential rates. However, the full potential of on-line commerce has not been possible to realize due to the lack of convenient and secure electronic payment methods (e.g., for buying e-goods and paying with e-money). Although it became clear very early that i...

A framework is provided for pricing derivatives on defaultable bonds and other credit-risky contingent claims. The framework includes structural models (those in which the time of default is determined by the value of the issuing firm), general reduced-form models (those in which default is exogenous), and reducedform models in which default can occur only at specific times, such as coupon paym...

In this article, we develop an integrated supplier–buyer inventory model with the assumption that the market demand is sensitive to the retail price and the supplier adopts a trade credit policy. The trade credit policy discussed in this paper is a ‘‘two-part’’ strategy: cash discount and delayed payment. That is, if the buyer pays within M1, the buyer receives a cash discount; otherwise, the f...

Online payments in business-to-consumer electronic commerce are mainly made with credit cards. Fraud and chargebacks are a significant issue for merchants and payment card brands, due to widespread use of unsecured or partially secured credit card transactions. The Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol may not only provide a high security level. It also enables productivity improvements ...

Researchers typically use incentives (such as money or course credit) in order to obtain participants who engage in the specific behaviors of interest to the researcher. There is, however, little understanding or agreement on the effects of different types and levels of incentives used. Some results in the domain of statistical reasoning suggest that performance differences — previously deemed ...

Documentary letters of credit have historically been an important and popular method of payment in international trading transactions. In fact, they have been described as the “lifeblood of international commerce.” A number of uniform international practices have developed for their use, many of which are codified in international rules such as Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credi...

When most cardholders swipe a card at a retailer to purchase goods and services, they are probably unaware of what happens behind the scenes between the time the card is swiped and when the merchant is finally paid. There is, however, a detailed set of arrangements between financial institutions that ensure that the merchant is paid and the cardholder’s account debited. Historically, these arra...

Fundamentally, newborn items that are used commercially, such as chicken, fish, and small camel, grow day by in size also increase their weight. The seller offers a credit policy to the buyer sales for particular growing item (fish), this paper, it is assumed accepts of trade credit. In acquires (fish) from then sells them when have increased From point view, present paper reveals fuzzy-based s...