the letter of credit as a method of smoothing international payment is a conditional security and obligation to pay the customer bank (issuing bank) to seller (applicant). for this purpose, the letters of credit may be considered as the most usual method of payment of goods price in international trade. the classic form of letters of credit is the commercial letters of credit whose financial ob...

Abstract Adverse market events can affect credit supply not only by hurting financial fundamentals but also changing the risk-taking behaviors of individual decision-makers. We provide micro-level evidence this decision-making channel in U.S. mortgage market. find that application rejection rates are more sensitive to foreclosure intensity when loan officers exposed news, despite same housing a...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of managers in private companies towards sport sponsorship as an advertising tool. the method of this study was descriptive and survey and it was practical. the statistical population of research included all chief managers (executive officers, financial officers or sales officers) of private large productive companies in esfahan that w...

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1 Background Credit cards have been widely used in the USA. The industry has matured so much that most households hold many credit cards and most consumers use credit cards as means of payment. They usually maintain their records on credit cards. In the USA, a total amount of credit card balances is about $700 billion. Because of the wide usage of credit cards, the term of cards is becoming a m...

E C O N O M I C R E V I E W Fourth Quarter 2007 The growth of credit derivatives suggests that market participants find them useful for risk management. Figure 1 shows the growth trajectory for credit derivatives from two surveys of derivatives dealers: the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Market Survey, which goes back to 2001, and the Bank for International Settlements (...

Unlike learning from accidents, near misses is based on events that caused no injuries or damage. Therefore, reporting and investigating near-miss in shipping could be considered a more convenient means of reducing accidents safety improvements than accident investigations. However, to facilitate misses, an adequate efficient Near-Miss Management System must implemented board ship. Since ship M...

www.philadelphiafed.org R eports in the popular press and policymakers’ concerns about student loans have greatly intensified in recent years because of rising student loan balances and defaults. Even greater cause for concern arose as student loans outstanding passed credit card debt to become the single largest nonmortgage household debt in 2012. Worries about the risk of massive default have...

The study investigated the effect of collaborative school inspection approach on teacher instructional effectiveness in government-aided primary schools Nakisunga County, Mukono district, Uganda. Teacher was studied terms reporting pupil academic achievements, attitudes, effective planning, attendance and pedagogical approaches. Collaborative approaches were support supervision, feedback, trust...