The framework for reaching near-universal coverage outlined in this paper combines tax credits for private insurance and public program expansions. It illustrates how a series of incremental steps could be phased in to achieve near-universal coverage. Hallmarks include creation of a Congressional Health Plan; use of the income tax system to provide tax credits and enroll uninsured people; creat...

Main findings: • Level-based R&D tax credits are subject to a serious deadweight loss. • Increment-based R&D tax credits are not subject to that deadweight loss, but have their own deficiencies. • The bulk of the empirical evidence concludes that there is no crowding-out but also little additionality. • R&D tax incentives have the advantage of being neutral, less costly to administer, and more ...

This paper investigates the endogenous money supply hypothesis in Iran. To this end, we attempt to find causality directions between bank credits and money aggregates. Utilizing Diks and Panchenko’s (2006) nonparametric Granger causality test for the time series data over the period 2006:04-2018:12 confirms the existence of a significant causality running from bank credits to money aggregates. ...