Crimes against the historically marginalized Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) by the upper castes in India represent an extreme form of prejudice and discrimination. In this paper, we investigate the effect of convergence in material standard of living between the SC/ST and upper castes, as measured by expenditures, on hate crimes against SC/ST. Using district level crime data for ...

Unlike gun control, enhanced prison penalties for gun crimes enjoy widespread support from all sides of the U.S. gun policy debate. Prison sentence enhancements have the potential to reduce gun violence by incapacitating individuals who have been convicted of gun crimes and deterring such crimes in the future. Moreover, such a policy does not affect the ability of law-abiding adults to keep gun...

Climate and weather have been linked to criminal activity. The connection between climatological conditions and crime is of growing importance as we seek to understand the societal implications of climate change. This study describes the mechanisms theorized to link annual variations in climate to crime in California and examines the effect of drought on statewide crime rates from 2011-2015. Ca...

In the current era of online processing, maximum of the information is online and prone to cyber threats. There are a huge number of cyber threats and their behavior is difficult to early understanding hence difficult to restrict in the early phases of the cyber attacks. Cyber attacks may have some motivation behind it or may be processed unknowingly. The attacks those are processed knowingly c...

Investigations of white collar crimes such as corruption are often hindered by the lack of information or physical evidence. However, vast amount of information recorded, stored, analyzed, and shared using information and communication technologies (ICT) by businesses, governments, and citizens may help in investigating and prosecuting these crimes, and in deterring future crimes. This paper in...

This paper studies whether conformism behavior affects individual outcomes in crime. We present a social network model of peer effects with ex-ante heterogeneous agents and show how conformism and deterrence affect criminal activities. We then bring the model to the data by using a very detailed dataset of adolescent friendship networks. A novel social network-based empirical strategy allows us...

Wildlife forensics is an emerging field and involves a number of players including the international community itself, national police agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and forensic and scientific experts. Collectively, these players attempt to prevent or prosecute crimes that specifically target wildlife, and deal with what is becoming an increasingly burgeoning global problem. T...

This paper aims to examine the death penalty in Zoroastrianism, the Quran, and the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. By studying antient Zoroastrian texts, we face a variety of crimes and punishments such as murder, robbery, adultery, magic, rape, and assault that were always considered to be the worst offenses. Zoroastrian religious scholars wrote books on crimes and their punishment in th...

One of the greatest challenges facing modern society is the rising tide of cyber crimes. These crimes, since they rarely fit the model of conventional crimes, are difficult to investigate, hard to analyze, and difficult to prosecute. Collecting data in a unified framework is a mandatory step that will assist the investigator in sorting through the mountains of data. In this paper, we explore de...