The criteria which editors should follow to evaluate the material they accept for publication are examined. Given that what is written must satisfy two audiences, one of scientists/ academicians and another of managers/ practitioners, two types of knowledge are defined and described. Criteria for both sets are presented and advanced. Publications intended for scientists/ academicians should be ...

To address water quality standards needed to prevent accelerated eutrophication, many states in the United States have developed effects-based standards related to nutrients. In many cases, this has resulted in specific standards for Secchi transparency (ST) and phytoplankton biomass measured as sestonic chlorophyll (chl-). The state of Arkansas recently adopted its first effects-based water qu...

Design procedures for walkways are referenced to Ievel-of-sewice (LOS) standards. The recommended standards of Table 1 incorporate relative measures of the prevailing unit flow rates, area modules, and speed. LOS criteria are situationally subjective because different perceptions of crowding will occur in different environments. Consequently, the applicability of a set of LOS standards to a par...

PURPOSE This study was done to develop standards for dementia care as a baseline for professional nurses to provide a framework for dementia care evaluation. METHODS The dementia care standards were developed through a literature review and focus group discussions. According to the Delphi method, the data analysis was conducted using the Content Validity Index (CVI). RESULTS The final set o...

This paper presents the use of an equilibrium partitioning (EP) method to derive generic quality criteria. Quality criteria for dissolved concentrations in water, total water concentrations and total sediment concentrations were derived from direct-effect data (aquatic toxicity data) and product standard data (human consumption standards). Both sets of data were obtained from physico-chemical a...

OBJECTIVE Laboratory utilization has steadily increased, and some studies suggest inappropriate utilization. Therefore, we wished to assess studies that measure inappropriate laboratory use in light of methodological criteria. DESIGN Systematic review of published studies. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, HEALTHSTAR, and EMBASE databases were searched from 1966 to September 1997 using a broad and incl...