The critical depth concept was first recognized by Gran and Braarud (1935). During summer, in the Bay of Fundy, they observed an unexpected no bloom situation. Their interpretation was that high amounts of detritus of terrestrial origin caused too murky water and insufficient light for the tidallymixedphytoplankton. Almost 20 years later, thiswas elaboratedby Sverdrup (1953) into ahypothesis fo...

the application of critical pedagogy in educational contexts has received adequate research attention over the last decades. the main focus of this strand of research has, however, been on raising awareness of the educators. nevertheless, little is known about the consequences of the violation of critical pedagogy principles from efl teacher trainers’ perspectives. to begin to address this gap ...

The main purpose of this study is to provide a method to increase energy dissipation on an inclined drop. Therefore, three types of rough elements with cylindrical, triangular and bat-shaped geometries are used on the inclined slope in the relative critical depth range of 0.128 to 0.36 and the effect of the geometry of these elements is examined using Flow 3D software. The results showed demons...

PURPOSE To evaluate dosimetric variations of planning target volume (PTV) on critical organs such as rectal wall, bladder and femoral head, when the patient size changes due to weight loss in prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). METHODS Three patients with small (32.0 cm3 ), medium (48.4 cm3 ) and large (86.5 cm3 ) prostate, selected from a group of 30 were planned for prostate V...

We study the excitation of spin waves in magnetic insulators by the current-induced spin-transfer torque. We predict preferential excitation of surface spin waves induced by an easy-axis surface anisotropy with critical current inversely proportional to the penetration depth and surface anisotropy. The surface modes strongly reduce the critical current and enhance the excitation power of the cu...

Nanosized Pb junctions exhibit superconducting correlations at magnetic fields more than an order of magnitude higher than the zero-temperature critical field of the bulk Pb. The strongly enhanced critical field is a spectacular demonstration of nanosize effect where the Meissner screening currents become ineffective for junction’s tip smaller than the London penetration depth (32 nm for Pb). F...

post failure analysis of massive structure infers that soil-structure interaction (ssi) is a crucial phenomena influencing seismic response of massive structures. cable-stayed bridge’s popularity and numbers are increasing now-a-days because of economical longer span & aesthetic good look. the current paper examines the effect of depth of foundation on seismic response of cable-stayed bridg...

Future space missions may have a requirement for critical distance judgements in performing rendezvous, docking and landing procedures. Since correlation between visual acuity and depth perception is high, depth perception might be adversely affected by transient weightlessness. The experiments reported here were conducted in a zero-G airplane to test the hypothesis, and, although the transitio...

A multicomponent lattice Boltzmann scheme is used to investigate the surface coating of substrates with two topographical features by a gravity-driven thin liquid film. The considered topographies are U- and V-shaped grooves and mounds. For the case of substrates with two grooves, our results indicate that for each of the grooves there is a critical width such that if the groove width is larger...