Effective image compression requires a non-expansive discrete wavelet transform (DWT) be employed; consequently, image border extension is a critical issue. Ideally, the image border extension method should not introduce distortion under compression. It has been shown in literature that symmetric extension performs better than periodic extension. However, the non-expansive, symmetric extension ...

A critical set in an n× n array is a set C of given entries, such that there exists a unique extension of C to an n× n Latin square and no proper subset of C has this property. The cardinality of the largest critical set in any Latin square of order n is denoted by lcs(n). In 1978 Curran and van Rees proved that lcs(n) ≤ n2 − n. Here we show that lcs(n) ≤ n2 − 3n+ 3.

Entry of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium into host cells requires membrane ruffling and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, it is shown that the bacterial protein SipA plays a critical role in this process. SipA binds directly to actin, decreases its critical concentration, and inhibits depolymerization of actin filaments. These activities result in the spatial localization and ...

these days, promotion of farmers' technical-scientific abilities in agriculture is one of the main challenges in this sector. agricultural extension as a motivate power source in agricultural development can be more effective in solving these problems via acceptance of responsibility in the educational concepts. but it faces numerous obstacles because of absence of a proper informational s...

The resonant frequency and sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever with assembled cantilever probe (ACP) have been analyzed and a closed-form expression for the sensitivity of vibration modes has been obtained. The proposed ACP comprises an inclined cantilever and extension, and a tip located at the free end of the extension, which makes the AFM capable of topography at sidew...

The study analyzed farm management extension services (FMESs) performed by the extension agents of Agricultural Development Projects in South West Nigeria. Study representatives were sampled randomly from Oyo ADP, Osun ADP and Ekiti ADP, making a 50% representation of the South-West. A proportionate sample of 80% of the total of the extension agents in each of the 3 case studies was randomly se...

Fuzzy logic is an alternate approach for quantifying uncertainty relating to activity duration. The fuzzy version of the backward recursion has been shown to produce results that incorrectly amplify the level of uncertainty. However, the fuzzy version of the forward recursion has been widely proposed as an approach for determining the fuzzy set of critical path lengths. In this paper, the direc...

Prescriptive process-based safety standards (e.g. EN 50128, DO-178B, etc.) incorporate best practices to be adopted to develop safety-critical systems or software. In some domains, compliance with the standards is required to get the certificate from the certification authorities. Thus, a well-defined interpretation of the processes to be adopted is essential for certification purposes. Current...

Since the connection of computers over the Internet and the expansion of distributed systems, they are confronted with more and more attacks. To counteract this circumstance, we have to consider security requirements from the beginning of the system development. In early phases of system development, it is common to use a twopart process for the elaboration of the application core and the funct...