Two new trachylobane- and one isopimarane-type diterpenoids: ent-18-hydroxy-trachyloban-3-one; ent-trachyloban-3-one; isopimara-7,15-dien-3beta-ol, were isolated from the leaves of Croton zambesicus, together with trans-phytol, beta-sitosterol, alpha-amyrin and stigmasterol. The structures were determined by extensive NMR techniques and X-ray analysis. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has be...

Although exposure to creosote1 was recognized 35 years ago as a carcinogenic hazard to man (5), it is only recently that its carcinogenic effect on mice has been noted and investigated. Cabot et al. (4) observed that tumors developed more rapidly in mice treated with a basic fraction of creosote oil and benzpyrene concurrently than in mice treated with benzpyrene alone. Woodhouse (13) found cre...

Number of tumours (papillomas) produced by the application of 7,12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene as initiator and croton oil promoter in mice were considerably inhibited (84%) by the prior application of eugenol. Moreover, there was considerable decrease in the number of tumour bearing animals and their onset. Eugenol inhibited superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation and the radical scavengi...

The potent tumor-promoting agent croton oil, which has been shown previously to be strongly mitogenic in mammalian cells, stimulates cell division in snake mutants of the blue-green bacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum.

Primary productivity and chlorophyll a concentrations were measured in 8 reservoirs in New York City drinking-water-supply watersheds. The light-and-dark bottle O2-change procedure was used to measure gross primary productivity (GPP) once each summer from 2000 to 2002. GPP normalized for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the Neversink and Schoharie averaged only 0.025 and 0.035 g O2/...

Spatially accelerating beams that are solutions to Maxwell equations may propagate along incomplete circular trajectories. Taking these truncated Bessel fields to the paraxial limit, some authors have sustained that it has recovered the known Airy beams (AiBs). Based on the angular spectrum representation of optical fields, we demonstrated that the paraxial approximation rigorously leads to off...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the anti-ulcer properties of Croton zambesicus leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group I was control. 40 mg/kg/bodyweight of indomethacin (the ulcerogen) was administered to rats of Groups II-VII. 4 h after administrations of ulcerogen; rats of Groups III-VII were treated daily with oral administrations of 40 mg/kg/bodyweight of omeprazole, 5 and 10 mg/kg/bodyweight...

Malonaldeh yde was applied once to the shaved backs of mice. After daily treatment with 0.1% croton oil, 52% of the mice had tumors at 30 weeks. In the same experiment, other mice were treated once with fi-propiolactone, glycidaldehyde, or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene DMBA), and then daily with croton oil. These animals had 44, 40, and 95% tumors, respectively, at 30 weeks. Twelve mg malonald...

The low temperature photochemical decomposition of 3- chloro-croton aldehyde tosylhydrazone sodium salt in tetrahydrofuran results in the formation of 3- chloro- 3- methyl cyclopropene and 5- chloro- 5- methyl- pyrazolenine respectively. In the presence of moisture, the photohydrated compound 3 was obtained as one of the products