Summary graphs depicting 20 individual flame length–fire intensity relationships grouped by four different fuel complex types or settings (forest, grassland, shrubland, and laboratory) and 12 individual fireline intensity–crown scorch height relationships for two broad forest stand types (coniferand eucalypt-dominated) are presented. Users will find these quick reference visual aids of value in...

Decoronation is a surgical method for treating ankylosed incisors in children and adolescents. The crown and root filling are removed, leaving the root in situ to be resorbed and covered with a mucoperiosteal flap. Early loss of a permanent tooth leads to loss of alveolar bone, especially in buccopalatal width. Decoronation preserves not only the width of the ridge but also the vertical height.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia are among the most dominant late-successional tree species in North America. The influence of sapling growth responses to canopy gaps on the co-dominance of the two species in an old-growth forest in southern Quebec, Canada was examined. Two predictions were evaluated: (a) F. grandifolia is more shade tolerant than A. saccharum due to gre...

Vertical stratification in trees may respond to selective pressures enhance light interception and utilization; therefore, the vertical functional variation leaf traits indicate niche partitioning within forests. In this study, variations crown structure of seven common tree species were analysed with respect differences between different height groups, same range, across height, parts individu...

1 The rapid growth rates of light-demanding tree species have been attributed in part to their low-density, low-cost stems. We evaluated the influence of light and biomass support costs on growth rates of trees 8–25 cm in diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) among 21 species differing in wood density in two aseasonal rain forests. 2 Measurements of crown width, tree height, d.b.h. and wood densit...

The embryonic period is characterized by organogenesis and accompanying dynamic changes in external features. The measurement of human embryos has been limited to whole body dimensions, such as crown-rump length. More detailed measurements would add quantitative information about these characteristic events and provide a better understanding of normal and abnormal embryonic development. In the ...

A method of estimating forest-fire fuel loads was developed using drones to collect information about the height and diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) individual trees. It conducted for forest fire prevention monitoring (Control, 20% thinned, 40% thinned area) located in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do. Object-based images 3D-model red/green/blue band characteristics were superimposed select extract digi...