The bioavailability of organic contaminants to the degrading bacteria is a major limitation to efficient bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants. Such limitation of bioavailability can be overcome by steady-state biofilm-based reactor. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of such multicellular aggregation by naturally existing oil-degrading bacteria on crude ...

Crude oil pipeline laid with products pipeline in the same ditch is a new technology to save investment and protect environment. In order to provide reference to construction and operation optimization, the majority of this paper investigates the thermal influential factors affecting the crude oil temperature in double pipelines system using the computational fluid dynamics methodology. A two-d...

Sophorolipids (SLs) are glycolipidic biosurfactants suitable for various biological and physicochemical applications. The nonedible Jatropha oil has been checked as the alternative raw material for SL synthesis using C. bombicola (ATCC22214). This is useful towards lowering the SL production cost. Through optimization of fermentation parameters and use of resting cell method, the yield 15.25 g/...

The distillation unit is one of the main units in refning companies, and it serves as the mother unit in any refnery with any degree of complexity. The optimization of this unit can increase productivity. In this study, the vacuum distillation unit of a refnery was selected as the case study. The shares of different expenses of this unit were clarifed using a novel material flow cost accoun...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C23 E44 Q43 Keywords: Crude oil shocks Stock market prices Panel data Asymmetric adjustment Granger causality This paper proposes a panel threshold cointegration approach to investigate the relationship between crude oil shocks and stock markets for the OECD and non-OECD panel from January 1995 to December 2009. Nonlinear cointegration is confirmed for ...

Crude oil is the major source of energy worldwide being exploited as a source of economy, including Oman. As the price of crude oil increases and crude oil reserves collapse, exploitation of oil resources in mature reservoirs is essential for meeting future energy demands. As conventional recovery methods currently used have become less efficient for the needs, there is a continuous demand of d...

toxicity and damages caused by soil pollution with crude oil and its microbial responses may depend on nitrogen bioavailability and its form. so, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of crude oil and various forms of n consumption on c mineralization and microbial biomass. the experiment was done in the form of factorial (3×4) design using crd (completely randomized de...

background: crude oil is a very complex composition with harmful effects in human health such as carcinogenesis and blood effects. using the bioassay method to assess the effect of purification process produces useful results. in this study the effect of ozonation to reduce the toxicity of crude oil in the water is investigated. methods: standard sample of the water soluble fraction were prepar...