For more than a decade international institutions, such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, the UN and International Telecommunications Union (ITU) have been pushing African countries to invest in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a strategy for social and economic development. They argue that ICT infrastructure is a prerequisite for adequate development, and sugge...

Portland cement concrete has been used extensively for many years as a construction material in bridges, buildings, highway pavements and other structures. Numerous structures and pavements that have been in service for decades illustrate the good durability and value of con­ crete when properly used in engineering construction. For example, the first concrete pavement built in the United State...

When Russian billionaire Mikhail Khodorkovsky was sent last October to a remote Siberian labour camp near a uranium mine to serve an eightlyear fraud and tax evasion sentence, friends and relatives accused the Kremlin of trying to ruin his health. Yet Anatoly Rusin, who was released from prison last year, told the Bulletin that Khodorl kovsky had better worry about a far less exotic threat to h...

Urban community groups are intensely rhetorical forums. They are a fitting place to study what classical rhetoric called the art of invention—the heuristic process by which people arrive at probable knowledge by posing problems, naming conflicts and questions, and building a persuasive case (Enos and Lauer,1992). Community groups give us a window on the deliberative process of consensus buildin...

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) started making the headlines in the midst of the global financial crisis. They were welcomed neither by academics nor by politicians of Western countries. In a flurry of 2008 papers SWF were peremptorily told what they should and shouldn’t do. The reasoning underlying the prescriptive norms was flawed in two respects. First it simply equated SWFs to other instituti...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND For millennia, iron-tannate dyes have been used to colour ceremonial and domestic objects shades of black, grey, or brown. Surviving iron-tannate dyed objects are part of our cultural heritage but their existence is threatened by the dye itself which can accelerate oxidation and acid hydrolysis of the substrate. This causes many iron-tannate dyed textiles to discolour a...

ON OC TOBE R 25, 1945, Pennsylvania governor Edward Martin announced that the state legislature had officially authorized the creation of a state park in the city of Pittsburgh, at the “Point,” the historic confluence of the Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela rivers. In less than a month, Pittsburgh’s political and business leadership, led by the city’s banking tycoon and civic luminary Richard K...

mental verbs are wanted to be uttered by concretizesing them in order to add power and beauty to the expression. These mental verbs are mostly expressed through metaphors. In Turkmen Turkish, abstract mental verbs have gained a metaphoric phraseology by simile and concretization. While concretizising and similing, elements from Turkish culture were used. Cultural differences between societies h...

BACKGROUND A legacy of colonial rule coupled with a devastating 16-year civil war through 1992 left Mozambique economically impoverished just as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic swept over southern Africa in the late 1980s. The crumbling Mozambican health care system was wholly inadequate to support the need for new chronic disease services for people with the acquired immunodefi...

Dept of Biotechnology, BIT, Mesra, Ranchi-835215. Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, Energy Plantation Demonstration Project Centre. Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan,Jaipur – 302 004, India. Corresponding Author: Ashwani Kumar __________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The environment of the world is crumbling under the major cri...