In this paper, we study human perception of consonants in the presence of additive babble noise at two speaking rates. In addition, we work on a model that attempts to replicate these human results through a phoneme recognition model. Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) stimuli comprising of a set of 13 consonants and 3 vowels (/a/, /i/, /u/) were recorded in a sound proof booth by two talkers at t...

Drought is one of the leading factors responsible for the reduction in crop yield worldwide. Due to climate change, in future, more areas are going to be affected by drought and for prolonged periods. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the drought response is one of the major scientific concerns for improving crop yield. Plants deploy diverse strategies and mechanisms to respond...

In Escherichia coli (E. coli), a low-usage codon is defined as a codon that is used rarely or infrequently in the genome with usage frequency lower than the smallest value (or frequency cut-off) among the usage frequencies of non-degenerate codons (Met codon AUG and Trp codon UGG) and the optimal codons for amino acids Leu, Ile, Val, Ser, Pro, Thr, Ala, Arg, Gly and Gln that have 2 or more dege...

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is widespread in acidic soils where the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the most important legume for human consumption, is produced and it is a limiting factor for crop production and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We characterized the nodule responses of common bean plants inoculated with Rhizobioum tropici CIAT899 and the root responses of nitrate-fertilized plants exp...

Degreening, caused by chlorophyll degradation, is the most obvious symptom of senescing leaves. Chlorophyll degradation can be triggered by endogenous and environmental cues, and ethylene is one of the major inducers. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) is a key transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway. It was previously reported that EIN3, miR164, and a NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcri...

We deal with the concept of a component considered as a black box that is a physical encapsulation of related services according to a published specification. These services can only be accessed through a consistent and published interface that includes an interaction standard. Such a notion of a component needs a carefully chosen semantic concept of a syntactic and a semantic interface that al...

The majority of angiosperms are syncarpous- their gynoecium is composed of two or more fused carpels. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this fusion is regulated through the balance of expression between CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes, which are orthologs of the Petunia hybrida transcription factor NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM), and their post-transcriptional regulator miR164. Accordingly, the expression of...

In Arabidopsis, NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) transcription factors have been found to promote lateral root number through the auxin signaling pathway. In the present study, the role of water stress-inducible soybean GmNAC003 and GmNAC004 genes in the enhancement of lateral root development under water deficit conditions was investigated. Both genes were highly expressed in roots, leaves and flowers ...

Five serine and three leucine isoacceptor tRNAs were purified from the asporogenic yeast Candida cylindracea, in which codon CUG is translated as serine Instead of leucine [1], and their primary structures were determined. From the wobble hypothesis [2], it was assumed that one of the tRNA species (Leu1), with the antlcodon CmAA, corresponded to the UUG leucine codon, and that the remaining two...