networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. so entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. in iran despite a notable increase in the women’s presence in universities, their entrance into academic networks and promoting their...

background: sex education is one of the challenging areas of educational systems that has always been accompanied by many problems due to some obstacles and constraints. this has led to occurrence of many behavioral problems and deviations. the aim of this study was to determine the sex education gaps in university curriculum from the students' perspective. methods: this was a descriptive-...

a bstrac t   background: organizational and structural obstacles are a group of major obstacles in achievement of appropriate family planning counseling. detection of these obstacles from the viewpoint of managers, staffs and clients who are key members in health services providing system is a major step toward appropriate planning to modify or delete this group of obstacles. the present study ...