A structured mathematical model of anaerobic conversion of complex organic materials in non-ideally cyclic-batch reactors for biogas production has been developed. The  model is based on multiple-reaction stoichiometry (enzymatic hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis), microbial growth kinetics, conventional material balances in the liquid and gas phases for a cyclic-bat...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Advanced age is associated with a decrease in brain plasticity compared with the young adult. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor promotes brain plasticity and improves functional outcome after stroke in the young animal. Here, we test the hypothesis that sildenafil provides restorative therapeutic benefit to the aged animal. METHODS Male Wistar rats...

High-temperature fatigue tests are carried out to investigate the crack initiation behavior of ferrite–pearlite steel. Two approaches modeling under high temperatures in steel developed and compared this study. In first approach, basal energy is introduced as criterion for initiation. Various initial values assigned each potential location. The increments after cycle can be calculated. second a...

Silver nanowires are promising components of flexible electronics such as interconnects and touch displays. Despite the expected cyclic loading in these applications, characterization of the cyclic mechanical behavior of chemically synthesized high-quality nanowires has not been reported. Here, we combine in situ TEM tensile tests and atomistic simulations to characterize the cyclic stress-stra...

With the expanding demand on application of magnesium alloys in automotive and aerospace industries, robust methods in fatigue characterization of commercially available magnesium alloys with high specific strength is anticipated. In this paper, rotating bending load controlled tests has been studied on specimens machined from an extrusion piece of AZ31B. Due to asymmetric and anisotropic behav...

In this study, a new traction-separation based constitutive model for use in finite element simulation of masonry joints under complex loading conditions is developed cohesive elements. The proposed formulated using damage parameters and plastic deformation with mutual couplings, can accurately simulate the nonlinear behaviors considering hardening or softening strength stiffness degradation. T...

The epigenetic landscape illustrates how cells differentiate through the control of gene regulatory networks. Numerous studies have investigated epigenetic gene regulation but there are limited studies on how the epigenetic landscape and the presence of pathogens influence the evolution of host traits. Here, we formulate a multistable decision-switch model involving several phenotypes with the ...

Strain-controlled fatigue of Mg–1Mn-0.5Nd (wt.%) alloy were studied by experiment and simulation. The microstructure was made up a dispersion strongly texture grains (13%) embedded in matrix with random texture. cyclic stress-strain curves showed limited tension-compression anisotropy because the Cyclic hardening under compression softening tension occurred due to presence twinning. Moreover, t...