OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)), resulting in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. The molecular mechanism(s) of the GLP-1-mediated regulation of [Ca(2+)](i) was investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GLP-1-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were measured in beta-cells isolated from Cd38(+/+) and Cd38(-/-) mice. Cal...

A structural study of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) and its cyclic dithiocarbonate derivative was carried out using NMR spectroscopy techniques. The overlapping (1)H-NMR signals of ENR-50 at δ 1.56, 1.68-1.70, 2.06, 2.15-2.17 ppm were successfully assigned. In this work, the <(13)C-NMR chemical shift assignments of ENR-50 were consistent to the previously reported work. A cyclic dithiocarb...

An (n, k) group code over a group G is a subset of G which forms a group under componentwise group operation and can be defined in terms of n — k homomorphisms from G to G. In this correspondence, the set of homomorphisms which define Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) group codes defined over cyclic groups are characterized. Each defining homomorphism can be specified by a set of k endomorpbisms...

The substitution box (S-box) is a fundamentally important component of symmetric key cryptosystem. An S-box primary source non-linearity in modern block ciphers, and it resists the linear attack. Various approaches have been adopted to construct S-boxes. S-boxes are commonly constructed over commutative associative algebraic structures including Galois fields, unitary rings cyclic non-cyclic fi...

Given a TQFT in dimension d + 1, and an infinite cyclic covering of a closed (d + 1)-dimensional manifold M , we define an invariant taking values in a strong shift equivalence class of matrices. The notion of strong shift equivalence originated in R. Williams’ work in symbolic dynamics. The Turaev-Viro module associated to a TQFT and an infinite cyclic covering is then given by the Jordan form...

In this paper, we develop a polynomial time algorithm to find out all the minilnum cyclic edge cutsets of a 3-regular graph, and therefore to determine the cyclic edge connectivity of a cubic graph. The algorithm is recursive, with complexity bounded by O(n31og2 n). The algorithm shows that the number of mini~um cyclic edge cut sets of a 3-regular graph G is polynornial in v( G) and that the mi...

Peptide disulfides are unstable under alkaline conditions, resulting in the formation of products containing lanthionine and polysulfide linkages. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been used to characterize major species obtained when cyclic and acyclic peptide disulfides are exposed to alkaline media. Studies on a model cyclic peptide disulfide (Boc-Cys-Pro-Leu-Cys-NHMe) and an acy...