Congruent In:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals with different In3+ concentrations have been grown by Czochralski method. Red and green upconversion emissions were observed under 980 nm excitation at room temperature. The effect of on the luminescence was studied in association defect structure caused doping. Infrared transmission spectra indicate a clear shift OH− absorption peak along an increase doped co...

An erbium-doped Lu3Ga5O12(LuGG) single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The crystalline phase in analyzed powder X-ray diffraction. erbium-ion emission spectra of were acquired. cross-section (ECS) spectrum computed from acquired spectrum. absorption (ACS) using McCumber relationship. results are discussed contrast to those spectrum, and comparison shows that both methods give consi...

Stability control of the convection flow field has always been a focal issue. The annular discussed in this work is typical research model microgravity fluid physics, which extracted from industrial crystal growth by Czochralski method. It believed that instability thermal key factor affecting quality growth. Combining reinforcement learning algorithm with neural network, paper proposes policy ...