BACKGROUND Glycowithanolides (Withaferin A), is one of the main withanolides active principle isolated from plant Withania somnifera and is claimed that it possess the aphrodisiac, sedative, rejuvenate and life prolonging properties. OBJECTIVE In the present investigation, antioxidant activity of active principles of Withania somnifera was tested against D-galactose induced oxidative stress i...

Galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate, in an additional metabolic branch of glycolysis. The apo-form crystal structure of the enzyme has not yet been elucidated. Crystals of galactokinase from Pyrococcus horikoshii were prepared in both the apo form and as a ternary complex with alpha-D-galactose and an ATP a...

A carbohydrate-binding protein assayed by its ability to agglutinate formalinized sheep erythrocytes is synthesized between 3 and 9 hr after Dictyostelium discoideum cells are deprived of food, as the cells become cohesive. Agglutination of erythrocytes by this protein was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-galactose, and L-fucose, but other monosaccharides had little or no effect. The pr...

A heteropolysaccharide (PS-I) and an insoluble glucan (PS-II) were isolated from the alkaline extract of edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju, cultivar Black Japan. The polysaccharide was found to consist D-glucose D-galactose in a molar ratio 3:1. Based on total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC), structure repeating unit...

An Escherichia coli galactose kinase gene knockout (DeltagalK) strain, which contains the l-arabinose isomerase gene (araA) to isomerize d-galactose to d-tagatose, showed a high conversion yield of tagatose compared with the original galK strain because galactose was not metabolized by endogenous galactose kinase. In whole cells of the DeltagalK strain, the isomerase-catalyzed reaction exhibite...

A 38-kDa lipoprotein of Treponema pallidum (Tp38) was predicted to be a periplasmic sugar-binding protein based on its sequence similarity to the glucose/galactose-binding (MglB) protein of Escherichia coli (P. S. Becker, D. R. Akins, J. D. Radolf, and M. V. Norgard, Infect. Immun. 62:1381-1391, 1994). Inasmuch as glucose is believed to be the principal, if not sole, carbon and energy source fo...

D-galactose has been reported to accelerate senescence in rodents, accompanied by a decline in learning and memory. We used a model of D-galactose-induced amnesia for the efficacy evaluation and pharmacologic studies of active compounds against Alzheimer's disease (AD). DL0410 is a potent inhibitor against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, in the present study, the effect of DL0410 was evaluated...

Introduction: Autophagy is catabolic process involved in continuous removal of toxic protein aggregates and cellular organelles to maintain the homeostasis and functional integrity of cells. The mechanistic understanding of autophagy-mediated neuroprotection during aging remains exclusive. Here, we investigated the potential role of rapamycin-induced activation of autophagy and mTOR/Akt/CREB pa...

Animal models have been used to study aging for decades. In numerous aging studies, beagles are the most commonly used breed of dog. However, few studies have compared between naturally aging models and experimentally induced aging models in beagle dogs. In the present study, a D-galactose induced aging model was compared with a naturally aging model, and young adult dogs were considered as the...

Chronic systemic exposure of D-galactose to mice, rats, and Drosophila causes the acceleration of senescence and has been used as an aging model. However, the underlying mechanism is as yet unclear. To investigate the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in this model, we studied cognitive function, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis, and peripheral oxidative stress biomarkers and also ...