The age composition of the population rare tree species Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch in Foothill Dagestan was studied according to calendar individuals and their states. is determined by an index obtained as number annual rings per unit radial growth trunk. Age states were assessed vitality, productivity, infestation size individuals. area occupied population, phytocenotic confinement have been...

A historiographical analysis of the events Petrine era in Caucasus demonstrates that problem personal contacts Tsar Peter I with ruling elites Dagestan during his campaign 1722 remains one poorly developed historical aspects. The tsar’s foreign were part imperial policy expanding territories Russian state, involving new subjects sphere political and legal space empire, ensuring their loyalty co...