Despite increasing prominence, little is known about the cognitive processes underlying shared decision making. To investigate these processes, we conceptualize shared decision making as a form of distributed cognition. We introduce a Decision Space Model to identify physical and social influences on decision making. Using field observations and interviews, we demonstrate that patients and phys...

Mohammed, North, and Ashton find that decentralization in Fiji shifted health-sector workloads from tertiary hospitals to peripheral health centres, but with little transfer of administrative authority from the centre. Decisionmaking in five functional areas analysed remains highly centralized. They surmise that the benefits of decentralization in terms of services and outcomes will be limited....

The concurrent engineering (CE) approach has been successfully applied to the early design phase of space missions. During CE sessions, a software support is needed to allow multidisciplinary design data exchange. At the moment, a spreadsheet-based solution enhanced with macros is used at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to create a system model of a space mission during the early design phase...

| This paper investigates optimum in nitelength multi-user decision-feedback space-time equalization implemented with cross-feedback lters in order to remove not only post-cursor ISI but also postcursor CCI. Closed-form expressions are derived for the optimal feedforward and feedback lters as well as the minimum achievable MSE (mean-square error) as a function of channel spectra for a one-anten...

The district health system in Ghana today is characterized by high resource-uncertainty and narrow decision-space. This article builds a theory-driven historical case study to describe the influence of path-dependent administrative, fiscal and political decentralization processes on development of the district health system and district manager decision-space. Methods included a non-exhaustive ...

Implicit techniques for representing and generating the reachability set of a high-level model have become quite efficient. However, such techniques are usually restricted to models whose events have equal priority. Models containing events with differing classes of priority or complex priority structure, in particular models with immediate events, have thus been required to use explicit reacha...

The aim of this research is to extend the discrimination of a decision tree builder by adding polynomials of the base inputs to the inputs. The polynomials used to extend the inputs are evolved using the quality of the decision trees resulting from the extended inputs as a fitness function. Our approach generates a decision tree using the base inputs and compares it with a decision tree built u...

The goal of this paper is to test if a programming methodology based on the declarative language A-Prolog and the systems for computing answer sets of such programs, can be successfully applied to the development of medium size knowledge-intensive applications. We report on a successful design and development of such a system controlling some of the functions of the Space Shuttle.

MDPs provide a clean and simple, yet fairly rich framework for studying various aspects of intelligence, such as planning. A well-known practical limitation of planning in MDPs is called the curse of dimensionality [1], referring to the exponential rise in the resources required to compute (even approximate) solutions to an MDP as the size of the MDP (the number of state variables) increases. F...

BACKGROUND LASSO is a penalized regression method that facilitates model fitting in situations where there are as many, or even more explanatory variables than observations, and only a few variables are relevant in explaining the data. We focus on the Bayesian version of LASSO and consider four problems that need special attention: (i) controlling false positives, (ii) multiple comparisons, (ii...