Although the effects of long exposure (>>1s) to moderate temperatures (< or =100 degrees C) have been well characterized, recent studies suggest that shorter exposure (<1s) to higher temperatures (>100 degrees C) can dramatically increase skin permeability. Previous studies suggest that by keeping exposures short, thermal damage can be localized to the stratum corneum without damaging deeper ti...

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of alkyl spin labels were observed in the excised guinea pig dorsal skin, its stratum corneum, delipidized skin and stratum corneum model lipid liposomes. The spectrum of 5-doxylstearic acid (5-NS) in the stratum corneum and order parameter obtained from the spectrum, indicated that the spin label was present in highly ordered lipid lamella. On the othe...

Pieces of isolated stratum corneum from frog skins were studied. Preliminary data showed that approximately 56% of the total sodium of split skins was associated with the stratum corneum. In more detailed studies, the sodium space estimated with 22Na and the volume of tissue water were identical, averaging 0.95 mul/cm2. Thus, the stratum corneum contained approximately 0.11 mueq Na+/cm2. Simila...

In recent years, increasing interest has been centered on the biochemistry and physiology of the skin surface, in particular, its potential for resisting physical, chemical, and microbiologic challenges. Morphologically, the skin surface is composed of the stratum corneum, sweat and sebaceous gland ducts, and hair follicles that open onto the surface through pores. The stratum corneum consists ...

In the process of heavy oil thermal recovery, the creep of strata can often be accelerated due to injection pressure, the temperature of steam, the structural characteristics of rock itself and other factors. However, the effect of creep in strata may cause various types of damage in underground mining, such as fracture or deformation of oil casings, and so on. The mechanism of fluid–structure ...

Introduction. There is no report about risk factors for renal deterioration according to the clinical stage, divided by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods. We evaluated the factors correlated with the annual eGFR decline in 1303 subjects with type 2 diabetes whose eGFR was ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m(2). eGFR strata were defined by baseline eGFR valu...

The aim of this study was to determine differences in the functional properties of the stratum corneum of children and adults, focusing on the influence of approaching puberty. Biophysical measurements were made of the stratum corneum of 32 healthy Japanese children aged 10-14 years and their mothers in summer and the following winter. The children showed significantly lower skin surface hydrat...

Tight junction (TJ) is one of the cell-cell junctions and known to have the barrier and fence functions between adjacent cells in both simple and stratified epithelia. We examined the distribution pattern, constitutive proteins, and permeability of TJ in the stratified squamous epithelium of the palatal mucosa of mice. Ultrastructural observations based on the ultrathin section and freeze-fract...

superficiale, represented in amphibians and highly developed as a single stratum in the reptilian and avian optic tecta, is differentiated in mammals into a superficial portion to which in man the name stratum zonale and stratum cinereum are generally applied, and a deeper portion commonly known as the stratum lemnisci. Consequent to a decrease in the afferent systems there is noted a decrease ...

To determine the usefulness of the cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension, we compared the blood pressure recordings available from 142 patients in 1979 with readings obtained during performance of two cold pressor tests, the first in 1934 when these subjects were children, and the second in 1961. Forty-eight subjects were hyperreactors to the tests in either 1934 or 1961, and 94 were...