for nearly 2,500 years, mood disorders have been described as one of the most common illnesses of mankind, but only recently have they commanded major public health interest. the world health organization (who) has ranked depression fourth in a list of the most urgent health problems worldwide. bipolar disorder (bd), as a mood disorder, is common, and is among the most important, serious, and o...

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objective: metacognitions are vulnerability factors in predicting development of psychological disorders especially generalized anxiety disorder (gad) and dysthymia, which are highly comorbid. many studies have shown that gad and dysthymia have similar underlying metacognitive factors but the results are contradictory. the aim of present research was to test this hypothesis by using new instrum...

an 11-year-old female patient with autoimmune hepatitis (aih) was referred to our rheumatology clinic due to her current musculoskeletal manifestations. the patient had been diagnosed with aih 3 months previously, based on jaundice and impaired liver function tests, and she had been treated with low-dose prednisolone and azathioprine. she presented with malaise, arthritis, a malar rash on the f...

results structural coefficients showed that the pattern of high scores in borderline personality features correlated with the pattern of high scores in alexithymia and child’s attitude toward mother. therefore, the results showed that combination of low borderline personality features can probably decrease the likelihood of alexithymia and child’s attitude toward mother. conclusions alexithymia...

background: autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that onset in the first 3 years of life and led to lifelong disability.despite the early onset of symptoms, diagnosis of thissyndromedoes not happenuntil severalyears later, somany childrenlosethe opportunityfor earlyintervention.there arevarious toolsforscreening anddiagnosis, buttheirdesign, strengths and weaknesses aredifferent. the aim of ...

hoarding is characterized by the persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of the value others may attribute to these possessions. hoarding resembles obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) in several ways. the avoidance of and difficulties with discarding seem to be driven by fears of losing something significant or being responsible for a bad outcome. these could be...

sleep disturbance, known as insomnia, is a common symptom of many mental illnesses. insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders characterized by sleep difficulty that affects our life and work safety. several lines of evidence support the primary insomnia as a risk factor/predictor for depression and anxiety disturbances. anxiety disorders and insomnia are common, debilitating and hig...

introduction: the aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of play therapy studies on behavioral disorders in children. method: the method of this study was meta-analysis. twenty two studies from throughout iran (1996 to 2012) including 637 participants were used in this meta-analysis. data was analyzed using standardized mean difference effect size method...