background: the sternoclavicular joint (scj) is the only synovial articulation between the upper extremity and the trunk. this joint is one of the most frequently used joints, so osteoarthritis (oa) should be very common. however, there are few studies about oa in this joint.   methods: in this study, 48 sternoclavicular joints from the left and right joints of 23 cases and two left joints from...

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative condition of synovial joints in response to both internal and external factors. The relationship of OA in one joint of an extremity to another joint within the same extremity, or between extremities, has been a topic of interest in reference to the etiology and/or progression of the disease. METHODS The prevalence of articular carti...

The intervertebral disc is characterized by a tension-resisting annulus fibrosus and a compression-resisting nucleus pulposus composed largely of proteoglycan. The most important function of the annulus and nucleus is to provide mechanical stability to the disc. Degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine is a serious health problem. Although the three joint complex model of the degenerative ...

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) consists of the occiput and the first two cervical vertebrae, and functions as an articulation point capable of complex motions distinct from the remainder of the spinal column. These unique features make the CVJ more mobile than any of the other joints in the cervical spinal column, and important biomechanical properties must be understood in order to properl...