The research aims to identify seawater quality conditions (physical and Chemical) in Gili Air Lombok determine the water status using pollution index method based on Indonesian Minister of Environment Decree No. 115/2003. is descriptive with quantitative qualitative approaches. To by comparing it PP Water standard. 82/2001 concerning Quality Management Pollution Control which includes physical ...

Background:Chitosan and Calcium are one of the natural polymeric materials obtained from the exoskeleton of Xylotrupes gideon through demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation processes. Nano chitosan and calcium can inhibit the demineralization process, which is caused by the consumption of acetic acid. This study aims to determine the effect of nano chitosan pretreatment and ...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of two methods, namely, digital caliper [DC] and computerized image analysis software (Image Tool [IT] version 4.1) for measuring the area of an active enamel demineralization lesion. The effect on that measurement of a window that delimits the lesion was also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight circular arti...

AIM This study evaluated and improved a protocol for obtaining standard caries-affected dentin (CAD) by Streptococcus mutans biofilm demineralization process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight human molars were divided in six experimental groups, according to: period of cariogenic challenge (7, 14 or 21 days) and type of dentin (erupted or unerupted teeth). After complete cariogenic challenge...

Using natural products can be a cost-effective approach for caries prevention especially in low income countries where dental caries is highly prevalent and the resources are limited. Specially prepared dental varnishes containing propolis, miswak, and chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) with or without sodium fluoride (NaF) were assessed for antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mu...

Introduction: The addition of topical CPP-ACPF and fTCP on tooth enamel can improve hardness due to remineralization process. Demineralization occur during acid environment in the oral cavity decrease. Objective: To determine effect isotonic solution immersion compare after application. Methods: Thirty six crowns maxillary first premolars were divided into three groups, each consisted 12 crowns...