diseases of the motor unit are common in children. these diseases are mostly genetically determined. cmt represents a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by aberration of the intimate relationship between the schwann cell sheath and the neural axon, ultimately resulting in axonal death and muscular dennervation. a simple clinical classification of cmt (demyelinating versus axonal...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are relapsing inflammatory demyelinating disorders with optic neuritis (ON) as the hallmark. ON causes neuroaxonal damage to the optic nerve and retina, regularly leading to severely impaired visual acuity (VA). Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly recognize...

Patients with signs and symptoms of acute myelopathy require urgent neurologic evaluation focused upon the identifi cation and management of treatable disorders. MRI of the spine is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate for a compressive lesion. When cord compression is present, surgical treatment is usually indicated. When compression is not detected, an analysis of precise lesion localiz...

Hereditary demyelinating peripheral neuropathies consist of a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that includes hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS), and congenital hypomyelination (CH). The clinical classification of these neuropathies into discrete categories can sometimes be difficult because t...

Background Neurofilament light chain (NF-L) levels reflect axonal damage in different conditions, including demyelinating disorders. Objectives We aimed to compare serum NF-L levels in patients with aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab), myelin oligodendrocyte antibodies (MOG-Ab) and seronegative cases with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and related disorders. Methods We analysed AQP4-A...

The diseases of myelin are among the most prevalent and disabling conditions in neurology. These diseases include both the vascular and inflammatory demyelinating disorders of adulthood, as well as the childhood leukodystrophies and cerebral palsy. These fundamentally glial disorders may be amenable to treatment by glial progenitor cells (GPCs), which give rise to astroglia and myelin-producing...

Anti-TNF treatment –associated disorders have emerged as a new class of drugrelated demielynating neurological disease. Neurological deficits that develop during treatment with TNF-alfa antagonists are relatively rare (the prevalence of demielynating disease, as reported in randomized controlled trials and postmarketing studies, has been estimated to range from 0,02-0,2%) but important potentia...

The article presents a review of the scientific literature containing data on features neuropsychiatric disorders – complications from nervous system against background viral load caused by SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19. Indirect effects virus such as encephalopathy, myopathy, and critical neuropathy can be hypoxia, respiratory metabolic acidosis, dysregulation homeostasis due to organ failure, autoimmun...

BACKGROUND Autoimmune encephalitis might coexist in patients with autoimmune demyelinating disorders. CASE REPORT We report on a case of a 45-year-old female multiple sclerosis (MS) patient presenting with acute onset short-term memory loss, altered mental status, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and an MRI lesion on the left temporal lobe. An extensive panel for neuronal autoant...