The exposure of proteins to high concentrations of glucose in vitro is widely considered a relevant model of the functional degeneration of tissue occurring in diabetes mellitus. In particular, the enhanced atherosclerosis in diabetes is often discussed in terms of glycation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the non-enzymic attachment of glucose to apolipoprotein amino groups. However, glucose ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the oxidant-antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation products, as well as paraoxonase and atherosclerotic plaque formation, in a hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis rabbit model to investigate the effects of atorvastatin in the atherosclerotic process. METHODS Forty male New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups, ie, a control group ...

Lipid peroxidation of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] by defined oxygen-centred free radicals (O2-/OH, O2-, O2-/HO2) produced by gamma radiolysis was compared with that of paired samples of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Lp(a) appeared to be more resistant to oxidation than LDL, as indicated by the kinetic study of four markers of lipid peroxidation; decrease in vitamin E, formation of conjugated dienes...

Endogenous activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is required for normal vascular development. This biology led us to investigate the interplay between the AHR and vascular physiology by using an in vitro model of fluid shear stress. Using this system, we show that fluid flow induces a robust AHR-mediated increase in CYP1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that incubation with s...

We isolated subfractions of human plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) using ion-exchange chromatography. Plasma LDL from normolipidemic subjects were applied to a DEAE Sepharose 6B column. After elution of the bulk of LDL at 150 mM NaCl (the major fraction), the residual LDL was eluted at 500 mM NaCl and designated as the minor fraction. The minor fraction, only less than 1% of total LDL, tend...

The substrate specificity of lipid transfer protein has been examined in whole plasma in vitro by following the redistribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-derived [3H]cholesteryl ester (CE) into apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins using density gradient ultracentrifugation. HDL-derived [3H]CEs were incubated with plasma or isolated lipoprotein classes (very low density lipoprot...

The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested as a key event in atherogenesis. Paradoxically, exercise, which imposes an oxidative stress, is an important deterrent of cardiovascular disease. In study 1 the oxidizability of LDL was enhanced in exercisers compared with sedentary controls. The lag time of isolated LDL subjected to copper-induced in vitro oxidation was signific...

Lp-PLA2 is a calcium-independent serine lipase that is associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in human plasma and serum [1] and is distinct from other phospholipases such as cPLA2 and sPLA2 [2]. LpPLA2 is produced by macrophages and is expressed in greater concentrations in atherosclerotic lesions [3]. Several lines of evidence suggest that oxidation of LDL plays a critical step in the d...

OBJECTIVE To relate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-determined lipoprotein profile, conventional lipid and apolipoprotein measures, and in vitro oxidizibility of LDL with gender and glycemia in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the 1997-1999 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort, serum from 428 wo...

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) possesses several atherogenic properties. The mechanisms by which LDL becomes oxidized in vivo remain unknown, but previous studies have suggested that 15-lipoxygenase may be one of the factors involved in the initiation of LDL oxidation in the arterial wall. 3 wk after a retrovirus-mediated 15-lipoxygenase gene transfer into iliac arteries of normocholest...