Inoculation of 200 mean egg infectious doses (EID(50)) of lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strain B1 (NDV-B1) into the air sac of 4-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks provided significant protection against challenge of the air sac with 100 chicken mean lethal doses (LD(50)) of velogenic NDV-H but no protection against reinfection when the challenge was by the eye. Conversely, inoculation ...

Introduction The endolymphatic sac is thought to maintain the hydrostatic pressure and endolymph homeostasis for the inner ear, and its dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of Ménière's disease. Throughout the years, different surgical procedures for intractable vertigo secondary to Ménière's disease have been described, and though many authors consider these procedures as effectiv...

BACKGROUND Transplanting pancreatic islets is of significant interest for type 1 diabetes mellitus. After intraportal injection of islets, inferior engraftment and eventual loss of transplanted islets constitute major limitations. Therefore, alternative approaches will be helpful. Here, we evaluated in animals whether an isolated venous sac would support survival of transplanted islets, along w...

The goal of this research is to develop a 3D finite element (FE) model of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to predict stresses in the blood sac. The hyperelastic stress-strain curves for the segmented poly(ether polyurethane urea) (SPEUU) blood sac were determined in both tension and compression using a servo-hydraulic testing system at various strain rates. Over the range of strain rate...

PURPOSE To study the glycoconjugates in the lacrimal sac epithelium of Japanese white rabbits with experimentally induced chronic dacryocystitis. METHODS Chronic dacryocystitis was induced by a subcutaneous injection of albumin followed by an injection of Staphylococcus aureus into the lacrimal sac. The histological appearance of the lacrimal sac was studied using the alcian blue-periodic aci...

Improper kinetochore attachments activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to prevent anaphase onset, but it is poorly understood how this checkpoint is silenced to allow anaphase onset. Chromosome bipolar attachment applies tension on sister kinetochores, and the lack of tension delays anaphase onset. In budding yeast, the delay induced by tension defects depends on the intact SAC as well...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential risk factors of type II endoleak and sac growth after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and the outcomes of secondary interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety seven patients underwent elective EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms in two tertiary centers between April 2005 and July 2013. Clinical and imaging paramet...

The surveillance mechanism called Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) monitors the status of the division spindle and prevents anaphase entry in the presence of anomalies that could result in erroneous segregation of the chromosomes. Disturbances in SAC activity during female meiosis promotes formation of aneuploid oocytes and results in associated reproductive disorders like pregnancy loss or bi...

Formula (1) was used in 6] in order to count all functions which satisfy the so-called Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) of order (m ? 2). The SAC for a boolean function g(x) means that if the vector x is chosen with uniform probability and any one of its bits is ipped, then with probability exactly 1 2 the value of the function is ipped as well. The SAC of order (m?2) means, that any function o...

Bitwise-Xor of two 4-bit patterns is the 4-bit difference between them which carries useful information in Cryptography. The method to analyze cryptographic ciphering algorithms or 4-bit Substitution boxes (S-boxes) with 4-bit differences is known as Differential Cryptanalysis (DC). An analysis of DC of 4-bit bijective Crypto S-boxes based on Differential Distribution Table (DDT) is reviewed in...