The interaction of consciousness and physical systems is most often discussed in theoretical terms, usually with reference to the epistemological and ontological challenges of quantum theory. Less well known is a growing literature reporting experiments that examine the mindmatter relationship empirically. Here we describe data from a global network of physical random number generators that sho...

Consider the single server queue with an infinite buffer and a FIFO discipline, either of type M M 1 or Geom/Geom/1. Denote by A the arrival process and by s the services. Assume the stability condition to be satisfied. Denote by D the departure process in equilibrium and by r the time spent by the customers at the very back of the queue. We prove that D r has the same law as A s which is an ex...

This paper formulates a new approach for improvement of air traffic flow management at airports, which leads to more efficient utilization of existing airport capacity to alleviate the consequences of congestion. A new model is presented, which first considers the runways and arrival and departure fixes jointly as a single system resource, and second considers arrivals and departures simultaneo...

Accurate determination of photospheric solar abundances requires detailed modeling of the solar granulation and accounting for departures from local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE). We argue that the forbidden C I line at 8727 Å is largely immune to departures from LTE, and can be realistically modeled using LTE radiative transfer in a time-dependent three-dimensional simulation of solar surf...

Empirical evidence is scarce on chief executive officer (CEO) turnover in U.S. hospitals, with potentially serious implications for many of these organizations. This study, based on a nationwide survey of CEOs at non-federal general surgical and medical community hospitals conducted in the spring of 2004, reports the perceptions of hospital CEOs regarding the circumstances and impact of CEO tur...

What is meant by uncertainty? Presumably it is a term that has been used in a variety of ways. The present article focuses on some of the interesting relations between uncertainty and both pragmatist philosophy and rational choice theory. Section 2 is concerned primarily with the ways that uncertainty has been accommodated in the study of rational choice and, in particular, the ways in which at...

People who work, learn, or play in online social worlds must sometimes leave those social worlds. Such departures may happen for many reasons. Often they are anticipated departures because the social world was meant from the start to be temporary. Most people do not yet have much practice at leaving an online social world, nor do we have a good model of the process. Activities that people under...

Infrared (IR) band shifts of isolated vibrational transitions can serve as quantitative and directional probes of local electrostatic fields, due to the vibrational Stark effect. However, departures from the Stark model can arise when the probe participates in specific, chemical interactions, such as direct hydrogen bonding. We present a method to identify and correct for these departures based...

With the growth of computing power and the proliferation of broadband Internet access, the use of media streaming has become widely diffused. In this paper, based on our previous work, we propose a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) media streaming system that can provide a large number of users with continuous media streaming services while dynamically adapting to peer departures and changes in network condit...

We investigate the X-ray vs. optical scaling relations of poor groups to small clusters (σ ≈ 100−700 km/s) identified in a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation of a ΛCDM universe, with cooling and star formation but no pre-heating. We find that the scaling relations between X-ray luminosity, X-ray temperature, and velocity dispersion show significant departures from the relations predicted by s...