OBJECTIVE To determine whether clinicians' prognoses in patients with severe acute exacerbations of obstructive lung disease admitted to intensive care match observed outcomes in terms of survival. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING 92 intensive care units and three respiratory high dependency units in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 832 patients aged 45 years and older with breath...

The history of the care and treatment of the mentally ill in America for almost four centuries offers a sobering example of a cyclical pattern that has alternated between enthusiastic optimism and fatalistic pessimism.

OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) are often derived from self-reported weight and height; psychological dispositions may bias how participants report these physical characteristics. The present research used a large national sample of US adults to examine the correspondence between reported and measured body weight and height and to test whether optimists and pessimists mis...

OBJECTIVE Involvement in peer victimization has been associated with numerous negative consequences, including poor physical health. The purpose of this study is to improve on previous research evaluating the victimization-health relationship by examining the health (i.e., health-related quality of life [HRQoL], medical service utilization) of both victims and aggressors and examining individua...

The present study was designed to determine the relationship between Optimism and Pessimism & its with psychological resilience on a sample of 11th grade students (n= 150): 50 male, 100 female in Al-Sharqiya North at Sultanate Oman during coronavirus pandemic. Descriptive design used. Findings show that there is positive (α ≤ 0.05) students’ level level. There negative no statistically sign...

The study aimed to reveal the relationship between attitude towards Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and optimism pessimism among a sample from Irbid city. It also identify nature of differences degree attitudes (affective, behavioral, cognitive) participants according demographic personal variables (gender. age, marital status, educational level, economic number children). consisted (600) male f...

Despite the development of prominent theoretical models of goal motivation and its importance in daily life, research has rarely examined goal dysregulation processes in clinical depression. Here we aimed to investigate problematic aspects of goal regulation in clinically depressed adults, relative to controls. Depressed participants (n = 42) were recruited from two Improving Access to Psycholo...

Relief fits the definition of a reward. Unlike other reward types the pleasantness of relief depends on the violation of a negative expectation, yet this has not been investigated using neuroimaging approaches. We hypothesized that the degree of negative expectation depends on state (dread) and trait (pessimism) sensitivity. Of the brain regions that are involved in mediating pleasure, the nucl...

Our survival and wellness require a balance between optimism and pessimism. Undue pessimism makes life miserable; however, excessive optimism can lead to dangerously risky behaviors. A review and synthesis of the literature on the neurophysiology subserving these two worldviews suggests that optimism and pessimism are differentially associated with the two cerebral hemispheres. High self-esteem...