Why have skill shortages continue to persist despite increases in training and the skill levels of the workforce? We argue that technical progress has raised the demand for skilled labour to mach the observed increase in supply. We provide econometric evidence in support of this hypothesis, showing that skill shortages are higher for establishments that use advanced technology in the production...

In this paper we consider a 1-warehouse, N-retailer inventory system where demand occurs at all locations. We introduce an inventory model which allows us to set different service levels for retailers and direct customer demand at the warehouse. For each retailer a critical level is defined, such that a retailer replenishment order is delivered from warehouse stock if and only if the stock leve...

BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, scaling essential health interventions to achieve health development targets is constrained by the lack of skilled health professionals to deliver services. METHODS We take a labor market approach to project future health workforce demand based on an economic model based on projected economic growth, demographics, and health coverage, and using ...

We consider a model of a supply chain consisting of n production facilities in tandem and producing a single product class. External demand is met from the finished goods inventory maintained in front of the most downstream facility (stage 1); unsatisfied demand is backlogged. We adopt a base-stock production policy at each stage of the supply chain, according to which the facility at stage i p...

It is now widely accepted that the United States is on the cusp of deepening shortages of physicians. This article will briefly review how these shortages could have been anticipated, how they are being manifested, and how policymakers were drawn to the contrary conclusion, and it will discuss the challenges that now exist as the nation undertakes to expand undergraduate and graduate medical ed...

We consider a realistic model of a multiclass make-to-stock manufacturing system. External demand for each product class is met from the available nished goods inventory; unsatis ed demand is backlogged. The objective is to devise a production policy that minimizes inventory costs subject to guaranteeing stockout probabilities to stay bounded above by given constants j , for each product class ...

This paper investigates the impacts inventory shortage policies have on transportation costs in base-stock distribution systems under uncertain demand. The model proposed demonstrates how backlogging arrangements can serve to decrease the variability of transportation capacity requirements, and hence the magnitude of transportation costs, when compared with policies that expedite demand shortag...

Manufacturers have two general strategies to guard against uncertainties in the production or demand process: (a) building inventory to hedge against periods in which the production capacity is not suÆcient to satisfy demand, and (b) temporarily increasing the production capacity, for example, by hiring temporary workers, adding overtime and/or extra shifts, or outsourcing part of the productio...

Problem statement: In most of the earlier inventory models, effect of inflation has been ignored, which is playing pilot role in present environment. In this article, we have proposed an economic order quantity model for deteriorating items having stock dependent demand (whose demand varies with the stock) under the effect of inflation. Approach: Firstly, problem is framed in the form of linear...