Gingival hyperpigmentation is seen as a genetic trait in some populations irrespective of age and gender, hence it is termed physiologic or racial gingival pigmentation. Melanin, a brown pigment, is the most common natural pigment contributing to endogenous pigmentation of gingiva and the gingiva is also the most predominant site of pigmentation on the mucosa. Melanin pigmentation is the result...

OBJECTIVE Diagnosing melanocytic lesions is among the most challenging problems in the practice of pathology. The difficulty of physically masking melanin pigment and the similarity of its color to commonly used chromogens often complicate examination of the cytomorphology and immunohistochemical staining results for tumor cells. Melanin bleach can be very helpful for histopathological diagnosi...

INTRODUCTION Providing desirable smile is one of the main concerns in cosmetic dentistry. Hyperpigmentation is one of the esthetic concerns especially in gummy smile patients. Lasers with different wavelength are used for oral surgery including Carbon Dioxide Laser (CO2), Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG), Erbium family and diode laser. In this case, all esthetic procedures incl...

PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare two different gingival depigmentation techniques using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and rotary instruments. METHODS Two patients with melanin pigmentation of gingiva were treated with different gingival depigmentation techniques. Ablation of the gingiva by Er:YAG laser was performed on the right side, and abrasion with a rotary r...

In a substrain of Sinclair miniature black swine, bred for increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanomas, tumor regression occurs spontaneously and is accompanied by depigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. We conducted a 12-month longitudinal study of the ocular phenomena in 30 swine beginning at 3 weeks of age. The clinically observed sequence of depigmentation of the fundus and ir...

We examined the effectiveness of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade, alone or in combination with a granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing tumor cell vaccine, on rejection of the highly tumorigenic, poorly immunogenic murine melanoma B16-BL6. Recently established tumors could be eradicated in 80% (68/85) of the cases using combination tre...

In rats kept on a basal diet deficient in vitamin B and supplemented with vitamin B1, riboflavin, and vitamin Be cutaneous lesions may appear which, in several instances, may become severe and even genera1ized.l In the same group of rats fur alterations also can be observed in the form of depigmentation (“graying”) in piebald or black animals and of “rusting” in albino animals. These fur change...

Vitiligo is a common autoimmune disease of the skin that results in disfiguring white spots. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments, and current treatments are time-consuming, expensive, and of low efficacy. We sought to identify new treatments for vitiligo, and first considered repurposed medications because of the availability of safety data and expedited regulato...

Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder of pigmentation, with an incidence of 0.5% to 2% worldwide. There are three major hypotheses for the pathogenesis of vitiligo that are not exclusive of each other: biochemical/cytotoxic, neural and autoimmune. Recent data provide strong evidence supporting an autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. As vitiligo can have a major effect on quality of life, t...

findings into 3 groups. The first, nonspecific cutaneous signs and disorders (Table), has already been reported in association with SM exposure as late skin findings. However, owing to lack of a control group in the present descriptive study, and also the multifactorial causes of these disorders, correlation of them with exposure to SM could not be confirmed. Nonetheless, the higher incidence c...