eart failure is a serious condition because of the structural and/or functional cardiac disorders,1–3 in which not only heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) but also heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are substantially involved.4,5 Because of the poor prognosis of patients, especially those with HFrEF,6 various therapeutic options have been developed during t...

Defibrillation by a strong electric shock remains the only known effective way of terminating ventricular fibrillation and thus preventing sudden cardiac death. External defibrillators have long been used as standard therapy, and implantable cardioverter– defibrillators (ICDs), based on mature foundational technology that evolved from antibradycardia pacing, have also been demonstrated to be an...