e-mail: [email protected] The Rotterdam Rules set forth, on the lines of the HagueVisby Rules, a number of excepted perils when the carrier will not be liable for the damage to cargo. The institute of excepted perils was established by the Hague Rules almost 90 years ago, and is still implemented in practice. For such cases exceptionally the carrier is not liable under the principle of assumed gu...

[1] We use hydrographic data at 32 S from 1987, 1995 and 2002 to investigate changes in the strength of the subtropical gyre circulation in the Indian Ocean. Relative geostrophic transports are computed for the ocean interior using geopotential anomalies and a zero-velocity surface at 2230 dbar and then filtered with an 8 Gaussian to remove the high wavenumbers. Our estimates of the relative gy...

[1] For the period 1995–2000, the Nepal seismic network recorded 37 ± 8% fewer earthquakes in the summer than in the winter; for local magnitudes ML > 2 to ML > 4 the percentage increases from 31% to 63% respectively. We show the probability of observing this by chance is less than 1%. We find that most surface loading phenomena are either too small, or have the wrong polarity to enhance winter...

The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of longperiod (.1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller earthquakes occurred at subcrustal depths practically be...

[1] The magnetotelluric dataset collected on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield has been re-analyzed using superior inversion algorithms that have been developed in recent years. A combination of constrained inversion, forward modeling and synthetic inversion studies are used, and show that at the SAFOD site, the low resistivity fault zone extends to a depth of 2–3 km. An extended zone of low r...

We investigate the sensitivity of a coarse resolution coupled climate model to the representation of the overflows over the Greenland–Scotland ridge. This class of models suffers from a poor representation of the water mass exchange between the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic, a crucial part of the large-scale oceanic circulation. We revisit the explicit representation of the overflows using...

Background Understanding the relations between the architecture of myocardial fibers, the spread of excitation, and the associated ECG signals is necessary for addressing the forward problem of electrocardiography, that is, predicting intracardiac and extracardiac ECGs from known intracardiac activity. So far, these relations have been studied experimentally only in small myocardial areas. In t...

Experimental studies to investigate the depth of the scour conducted at a side-weir intersection located at the 180 curved flume which located Hydraulic Laboratory of Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. Side weirs were located at the middle of the straight part of the main channel. Three different lengths (25, 40 and 50 cm) and three different weir crest height (7, 10 and 12 cm) of t...

We investigated the effects of seed burial depth and soil water content on seedling emergence and growth of Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa (sandy elm), an important native tree species distributed over the European-Asian steppe. Experimental sand burial depths in the soil were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 cm, and soil water contents were 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% of field capacity. All two-way ANOVA (five ...