During infection, chemokines sequestered on endothelium induce recruitment of circulating leukocytes into the tissue where they chemotax along chemokine gradients toward the afflicted site. The aim of this in vivo study was to determine whether a chemokine gradient was formed intravascularly and influenced intraluminal neutrophil crawling and transmigration. A chemokine gradient was induced by ...

With the development of search engines, more and more web crawlers are used to gather web pages. The rising crawling traffic has brought the concern that crawlers may impact web sites. On the other hand, more efficient crawling strategy is required for the coverage and freshness of search engine index. In this paper, crawlers of several major search engines are analyzed using one six-months acc...

Abstract: Mobile networks differ from their wireline counterparts mainly by the high costs for air transmissions and by the mobility of the users. A new entity, denoted as the crawling peer, is suggested in order to optimize the resource mediation mechanism for a mobile P2P file sharing application. The crawling peer locates content on behalf of mobile peers. It is placed in the wireline part o...

Terrestrial gastropods display monotaxic direct crawling. During locomotion, smooth muscle contraction stimulates a series of pedal waves that move along the ventral surface foot. These interact with thin layer mucus produced by foot, propelling animal forward. Although mechanism which this process occurs has been well studied, less is known about how morphological or environmental factors affe...

The eVects of plant defenses on herbivory can diVer among spatial scales. This may be particularly common with indirect defenses, such as extraXoral nectaries (EFNs), that attract predatory arthropods and are dependent on predator distribution, abundance, and behavior. We tested the defensive eVects of EFNs in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) against damage by a specialist herbivore, ...

During infection, chemokines sequestered on endothelium induce recruitment of circulating leukocytes into the tissue where they chemotax along chemokine gradients toward the afflicted site. The aim of this in vivo study was to determine whether a chemokine gradient was formed intravascularly and influenced intraluminal neutrophil crawling and transmigration. A chemokine gradient was induced by ...

In October 1991 Poland has established a preannounced crawling peg regime in which the zloty is tied to a currency basket and devalued with a preannounced monthly rate (rate of crawl). If the monetary authorities have been successful in defending the crawling peg stable long-run relationships between the Polish zloty on the one hand and the basket’s value and the currencies comprising the baske...

Peer-to-Peer systems have proven to be an effective way of sharing data. The focus of this paper is on distributed search based on Peer-to-Peer technology. In this paper we present the pRoute system where peers advertise a short description of the content that they share, namely a set of terms. Peers remember the advertisements of related peers and thereby form a semantic overlay by which we me...