For most of this midterm exam we are interested in describing the quantum behavior of a particle –such as an atom or a ion– which is confined in a double well potential. The particle can be in either the left or right well. It has energy ER = E0 − ΔE in the right well and energy EL = E0 + ΔE in the left well. The barrier between the two wells is not very high, so the particle can tunnel between...

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The paper examines relationships between the conditional Shannon entropy and the expectation of `α-norm for joint probability distributions. More precisely, we investigate the tight bounds of the expectation of `α-norm with a fixed conditional Shannon entropy, and vice versa. As applications of the results, we derive the tight bounds between the conditional Shannon entropy and several informati...

Although it is well established that the source of carbon in the universe is the 3 (triple–alpha) nuclear reaction occurring in stars, the rate at which this process occurs, via the Hoyle state in 12 C, is surprisingly poorly known. The current uncertainty of ~12.5% on the radiative width of the 7.654 MeV E0 and 3.215 MeV E2 transitions de-exciting the Hoyle state limits our understanding of s...

A computation is a physical process. It may be performed by a piece of electronics or on an abacus, or in your brain, but it is a process that takes place in nature and as such it is subject to the laws of physics. Quantum computers are machines that rely on characteristically quantum phenomena, such as quantum interference and quantum entanglement in order to perform computation. In this serie...

The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a single-stranded RNA virus, can cause fatal diarrhea syndrome, respiratory problems, and reproductive disorders in herds. Over the past few years, it has become clear that the BVDV infection rates are increasing and it is likely that an effective vaccine for BVDV will be needed. In this study, transgenic Astragalus was used as an alternative productive p...

An E0-semigroup α = {αt : t ≥ 0} acting on B(H) is called pure if its tail von Neumann algebra is trivial in the sense that ∩tαt(B(H)) = C1. We determine all pure E0-semigroups which have a weakly continuous invariant state ω and which are minimal in an appropriate sense. In such cases the dynamics of the state space must stabilize as follows: for every normal state ρ of B(H) there is convergen...

Abstract Recently, an explicit protocol E0 for faithfully teleporting arbitrary two-qubit states using genuine four-qubit entangled states was presented by us [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060502 (2006)]. Here, we show that E0 with an arbitrary four-qubit mixed state resource Ξ is equivalent to a generalized depolarizing bichannel with probabilities given by the maximally entangled components of the re...

Sustainability of quality fruit production in Indian jujube is adversely affected by improper irrigation and nutrient management. A field study comprising four levels (drip at 0.8, 0.6 0.4 pan evaporation (E0) surface 1.0 IW/CPE with 50 mm depth) three (100% RDF, 75% RDF+25% RDF as vermicompost 50% RDF+50% vermicompost) was conducted during 2018-19 (11 months) on plant. Results showed that tall...