The connection between large and small deviation results for the signed square root statistic R is studied, both for likelihoods and for likelihood-like criterion functions. We show that if p − 1 Barlett identities are satisfied to first order, but the pth identity is violated to this order, then cumq R = O n−q/2 for 3 ≤ q < p, whereas cump R = κpn− p−2 /2 + O n−p/2 . We also show that the larg...

Comparison of 1719 differential GPS measurements with a 1 m LiDAR DEM covering West Seattle shows that DEM elevation errors range from –4.88 m to +3.32 m. The errors are spatially correlated with a semivariogram range of 125 m, an unclustered mean of –0.11 m, and an unclustered standard deviation of ±0.75 m. Although there are statistically significant correlations between elevation error and e...

Given a supercritical branching random walk $$\{Z_n\}_{n\ge 0}$$ on $${\mathbb {R}}$$ , let $$Z_n(A)$$ be the number of particles located in set $$A\subset {\mathbb at generation n. It is known from Biggins (J Appl Probab 14:630–636, 1977) that under some mild conditions, for $$\theta \in [0,1)$$ $$n^{-1}\log Z_n([\theta x^* n,\infty ))$$ converges almost surely to $$\log \left( {E}}[Z_1({\math...

Two methods for analyzing graphs such as those occurring in the stock market, geographical profiles and rough surfaces, are investigated. They are based on different scaling laws for the distributions of jumps as a function of the lag. The first is a large deviation analysis, and the second is based on the concept of a self-similar process introduced by Mandelbrot and van Ness. We show that lar...

Here, μ represents the overall mean, βi is the deviation of respondent i from the overall mean, and εij is the deviation of i-th respondent’s reported value from his true value, μ+ βi, on occasion j. βi and εij are independent normal with mean 0 and variance σ β and σ , respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ρ is calculated as share of between-class variability σ β in total ...

BACKGROUND Allometry, in general biology, measures the relative growth of a part in relation to the whole living organism. Using reported clinical data, we apply this concept for evaluating the probability of ventricular fibrillation based on the electrocardiographic ST-segment deviation values. METHODS Data collected by previous reports were used to fit an allometric model in order to estima...

Proofs of classical Chernoo-Hoeeding bounds have been used to obtain polynomial time implementations of Spencer's derandomization method of conditional probabilities on usual nite machine models: given m events whose complements are large deviations corresponding to weighted sums of n mutually independent Bernoulli trials, Raghavan's lattice approximation algorithm constructs for 0 ? 1 weights ...

Using frequency distributions of daily closing price time series of several financial market indices, we investigate whether the bias away from an equiprobable sequence distribution found in the data, predicted by algorithmic information theory, may account for some of the deviation of financial markets from log-normal, and if so for how much of said deviation and over what sequence lengths. We...

Considering the different ability of placental transfer, an assessment of the cord:maternal blood ratio for both methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (IHg) is needed especially for interpreting the low-level prenatal exposure. In this study, we conducted a Monte Carlo-based meta-analysis to comprehensively estimate that ratio for MeHg (RMeHg) and IHg (RIHg). The obtained values followed l...

In this work we report on a transaction log analysis of the Dutch Folktale Database, an online repository of extensively annotated folktales ranging from old fairy tales to recent urban legends, written in (old) Dutch, Frisian and a variety of Dutch dialects. We observed that users have a preference for subgenres within folktales such as traditional legends and urban legends and prefer stories ...