Diguanylate cyclases (DGC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE), respectively synthesise and hydrolyse the secondary messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), and both activities are often found in a single protein. Intracellular c-di-GMP levels in turn regulate bacterial motility, virulence and biofilm formation. We report the first structure of a tandem DGC-PDE fragment, in which the catalytic domains...

Muscular dystrophies are a group of diseases that primarily affect striated muscle and are characterized by the progressive loss of muscle strength and integrity. Major forms of muscular dystrophies are caused by the abnormalities of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) that plays crucial roles as a structural unit and scaffolds for signaling molecules at the sarcolemma. α-Dystrobrevin is ...

The neural circuit mechanisms underlying the integration and functions of adult-born dentate granule cell (DGCs) are poorly understood. Adult-born DGCs are thought to compete with mature DGCs for inputs to integrate. Transient genetic overexpression of a negative regulator of dendritic spines, Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9), in mature DGCs enhanced integration of adult-born DGCs and increased NSC...

Abstract: Hyperspectral unmixing aims to estimate a set of endmembers and corresponding abundances in pixels. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and its extensions with various constraints have been widely applied to hyperspectral unmixing. L1/2 and L2 regularizers can be added to NMF to enforce sparseness and evenness, respectively. In practice, a region in a hyperspectral image may posses...

Neurogenesis persists in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mammals, including human and nonhuman primates, throughout life (Altman and Das, 1965; Cameron et al., 1993; Kuhn et al., 1996; Eriksson et al., 1998; Gould et al., 1999; Kornack and Rakic, 2001). Neural stemlike cells reside in the subgranular zone (SGZ) at the border of the hilus and DGC layer (Seri et al., 2001; Filippov et al., 2003)...

This paper presents two clustering methods: the first one uses a density-based approach (DGC) and the second one uses a frequent itemset mining approach (FINN). DGC uses regulation information as well as order preserving ranking for identifying relevant clusters in gene expression data. FINN exploits the frequent itemsets and uses a nearest neighbour approach for clustering gene sets. Both the ...

Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy and result in the loss of dystrophin and the entire dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) from the sarcolemma. We show that sarcospan (SSPN), a unique tetraspanin-like component of the DGC, ameliorates muscular dystrophy in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. SSPN stabilizes the sarcolemma by increasing levels of the utrophin-glycopr...

Highly refined shape populations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are important for emerging applications in catalysis, plasmonics, and nanomaterials growth. To date, research efforts have focused on achieving monodisperse shape by synthetic control or postsynthetic processing that relies on centrifugal sedimentation-based sorting schemes where differences in the particle mass and aspect ratios (e...

Grids are becoming more and more dynamic, running parallel applications on large scale and heterogeneous resources. Explicitly stopping a whole distributed application is becoming increasingly difficult. In that context, there is a strong need to free resources a soon as they become useless, leading to automatic termination, using distributed garbage collecting techniques. We propose in this pa...