BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity underlie the developmental neurotoxicity of numerous chemicals. OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and diazinon), an organo-chlorine (dieldrin), and a metal [divalent nickel (Ni2+)] to determine how these mechanisms contribute to similar or dissimilar neurotoxic outcomes. METHODS We used PC12 cells as a model o...

The comprehensive identification and mechanistic analysis of reproductive toxicants constitutes one of the major hurdles in the toxicological assessment of chemicals originating from the large number of chemicals to be tested and the difficulty in examining germ cells at various stages of their development. We previously described the development of an assay in the roundworm Caenorhabditis eleg...

Organophosphates affect mammalian brain development through a variety of mechanisms beyond their shared property of cholinesterase inhibition. We used microarrays to characterize similarities and differences in transcriptional responses to chlorpyrifos and diazinon, assessing defined gene groupings for the pathways known to be associated with the mechanisms and/or outcomes of chlorpyrifos-induc...

Trends in pesticide concentrations for 15 streams in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were determined for the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and the herbicides atrazine, s-ethyl diproplythiocarbamate (EPTC), metolachlor, simazine, and trifluralin. A parametric regression model was used to account for flow, seasonality, and antecedent hydrologic conditions and th...

Alam, M. K. and O. E. Maughan (1992). "THE EFFECT OF MALATHION, DIAZINON, AND VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC, COPPER, NICKEL, LEAD, IRON, AND MERCURY ON FISH." Biological Trace Element Research 34(3): 225-236. Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities of Barilius vagra and Cyp...

Background In Ethiopia, pesticides are widely used in vegetable production. However, if incorrectly they may harm consumers of vegetables contaminated with pesticide residues, as well producers handling the and lead to ecological damage. We performed a cross-sectional survey assess residues produced central eastern Ethiopia. Methods A total 232 samples (91 tomatoes, 106 cabbages 35 Swiss chard)...

The hydrology, sediment, and pesticide transport components of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were evaluated on the northern San Joaquin Valley watershed of California. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients for monthly stream flow and sediment load ranged from 0.49 to 0.99 over the watershed during the study period of 1992-2005. The calibrated SWAT model was applied to simulate fate and tr...

The effect on fecundity of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos and diazinon, was assessed in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Juveniles were exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations of each organophosphate, the lowest of which was a laboratory-simulated field rate, for 4 weeks and recovery was monitored for 12 weeks in organophosphate-free soil. Growth, maturation, cocoon production and ha...

Two novel impedimetric biosensors for highly sensitive and rapid quantitative detection of diazinon in aqueous medium were developed using two types of lipase, from Candida Rugosa (microbial source) (CRL) and from porcine pancreas (animal source) (PPL) immobilized on functionalized gold electrode. Lipase is characterized to specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of ester functions leading to the ...