This paper presents a set of tools and methods for acquiring, manipulating, and analyzing machine-readable dictionaries. We give several detailed examples of the use of these tools and methods for particular analyses. A novel aspect of our work is that it allows the combined processing of multiple machine-readable dictionaries. Our examples describe analyses of data from Webster's Seventh Colle...

Kanji dictionaries, which need to present a large number of complex characters in an order that makes them accessible by users, traditionally use several indexing techniques that are particularly suited to the printed medium. Electronic dictionary technology provides the opportunity of both introducing new indexing techniques that are not feasible with printed dictionaries, and also allowing a ...

This paper presents an efficient text mining method focusing on extraction and updating of unknown words (unknown foreign words) to improve data classification and POS tags. Our proposed method used simple but efficient techniques, first it converts the data into structured form, using data preprocessing techniques. In this phase data passes through different stages, such as, cleaning, integrat...

Even in the 21st century, paper dictionaries are still compiled and developed using standard word processors. Many publishing companies are, nowadays, working on converting their dictionaries into computer readable documents, so that they can be used to prepare new features, such as making them available online. Luckily, most of these publishers can pay review teams to fix and even enhance thes...

Kanji dictionaries, which need to present a large number of complex characters in an order that makes them accessible by users, traditionally use several indexing techniques that are particularly suited to the printed medium. Electronic dictionary technology provides the opportunity of both introducing new indexing techniques that are not feasible with printed dictionaries, and also allowing a ...

Pronunciation dictionaries are often used with other datadriven methods to model the pronunciations in phonemebased automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. The dictionaries usually take a great amount of memory, which is a limiting factor in portable handheld devices. Compressing the pronunciation dictionaries results in minimal transmission bandwidth and less stora...

This paper corresponds to the presentation of a Ph-D’s project being carried out at the Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, Department of Lexicology, under the supervision of Prof. Willy Martin. The project’s framework is the interface area of Lexicology and the new Information Technologies, its main focus being the relationship between words and images in the brain. The final aim of this Ph-D is ...

Chinese, Japanese and Arabic bilingual dictionaries suffer from shortcomings rarely seen in works of other major languages. These include archaic headwords and senses, an overly prescriptive approach, learner-unfriendly sense ordering, and the omission of important multiword expressions. This paper describes how three bilingual learner’s dictionaries address these issues, focusing on compilatio...

SYSTRAN has demonstrated success in the MT field with its long history spanning nearly 30 years. As a general-purpose fully automatic MT system, SYSTRAN employs a transfer approach. Among its several components, large, carefully encoded, high-quality dictionaries are critical to SYSTRAN's translation capability. A total of over 2.4 million words and expressions are now encoded in the dictionari...

We present a report on our participation in the Indonesian-English ad hoc bilingual task of the 2006 Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF). This year we compare the use of several language resources to translate Indonesian queries into English. We used several readable machine dictionaries to perform the translation. We also used two machine translation techniques to translate the Indonesian q...