We measured IRD fluxes from 22-5 ka BP in two sediment cores from the Scotia Sea using two different methods. The first, commonly used method, uses the linear sedimentation rate (LSR), dry bulk density, and weight percent of IRD in the sample. The second uses 230Th normalization, which has been proposed as an improved way to determine sediment fluxes in sites with significant lateral redistribu...

When exposed to salt, every plant takes up Na(+) from the environment. Once in the symplast, Na(+) is distributed within cells and between different tissues and organs. There it can help to lower the cellular water potential but also exert potentially toxic effects. Control of Na(+) fluxes is therefore crucial and indeed, research shows that the divergence between salt tolerant and salt sensiti...

The dynamics of single vapor bubbles in FC-72 generated by a transient heat pulse applied to a square 260 · 260 lm microheater are investigated for different heat fluxes between 3 and 44 MW/m. It is found that in all cases the growth consists of two steps, a first relatively violent one, followed by a shrinking of the vapor mass and a subsequent slower expansion. At the higher heat fluxes, the ...

This study evaluated the seasonal productivity of a prairie grassland (Mattheis Ranch, in Alberta, Canada) using a combination of remote sensing, eddy covariance, and field sampling collected in 2012–2013. A primary objective was to evaluate different ways of parameterizing the light-use efficiency (LUE) model for assessing net ecosystem fluxes at two sites with contrasting productivity. Three ...

Improved data on biosphere-atmosphere exchange are fundamental to understanding the production and fate of ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere. The GRAMINAE Integrated Experiment combined novel measurement and modelling approaches to provide the most comprehensive analysis of the interactions to date. Major intercomparisons of micrometeorological parameters and NH3 flux measurements using the aerod...

Closed (non-steady state) chambers are widely used for quantifying carbon dioxide (CO 2) fluxes between soils or low-stature canopies and the atmosphere. It is well recognised that covering a soil or vegetation by a closed chamber inherently disturbs the natural CO 2 fluxes by altering the concentration gradients between the soil, the vegetation and the overlying air. Thus, the driving factors ...

a vital physiological event from the very beginning of life at the moment of fertilization, to its very end at the final beat of the heart. These changes are brought about either as a result of mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ or as a result of inflow of the ion from the extracellular medium. The means by which cells control Ca2+ fluxes, and particularly Ca21 inflow, is increasingly becoming a foc...

Donald E. Low1 and Gerald D. Wright2 1University of Toronto and 2McMaster University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and 1,2Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Despite legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) targeted at controlling the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, the farming industry commonly uses these drugs therapeutically, prophylactically, and/or for ...

There have been many published studies aiming to identify temporal changes in river flow time series, most of which use monotonic trend tests such as the Mann–Kendall test. Although robust to both the distribution of the data and incomplete records, these tests have important limitations and provide no information as to whether a change in variability mirrors a change in magnitude. This study d...

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient have been experimentally measured on a horizontal rod heater for various liquid binary mixtures. Measurements are based on more than three hundred data points on a wide range of concentrations and heat fluxes. In this investigation, it has been confirmed that the heat transfer coefficient in boiling solutions are regularly less than those in p...